THE lumbar plexus is derived from rami from the first through the fourth lumbar nerves and is primarily responsible for innervation of the extensor and adductor compartments of the thigh. Blockade of the lumbar plexus using a posterior approach, via either a single injection or continuous technique using an indwelling catheter, is an attractive alternative for postoperative pain management in p...

Three methods of blocking the brachial plexus with a supraclavicular approach are presented. The pros and cons of using this technique, as well as its usefulness, are discussed. The four most commonly used drugs for blocks also are examined. A 270% increase in blood flow to the arm is achieved by this block but, with the addition of epinephrine, it can be increased to 430%. The permeability of ...

PURPOSE Postoperative brachial plexus lesion has been reported only rarely after catheterization of the right internal jugular vein (RIJV), and then is usually considered to be the result of puncture hematoma. CLINICAL FEATURES We here present the case of plexus brachialis injury after catheterization of the RIJV with ultrasonography showing direct compression of the plexus brachialis by a ce...

We identified immune complex deposits in the choroid plexus of approximately 75% of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who had either normal brains or human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis. Since circulating immune complexes are common in AIDS patients, and since local choroid plexus pathology usually was absent, their likely origin is from the bloodstream. Choroid plex...

We report 2 patients with obstetrical brachial plexus palsy, ipsilateral leg weakness, and contralateral motor cortical dysplasia. To our knowledge, this is the first description of such an association. In both cases, the diagnosis of obstetrical brachial plexus palsy was established clinically shortly after birth and later confirmed neurophysiologically. Motor cortex dysplasia was diagnosed by...

We present two children with hypoplasia of the left trapezius muscle and a history of ipsilateral transient neonatal brachial plexus palsy without documented trapezius weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging in these patients with unilateral left hypoplasia of the trapezius revealed decreased muscles in the left side of the neck and left supraclavicular region on coronal views, decreased muscle ma...

Phrenic nerve palsy can occur in the context of neonatal brachial plexus palsy, yet neither outcomes nor definitive treatment guidelines have been established. Diaphragmatic paralysis alone in the newborn results in significant respiratory sequelae and failure to thrive. Reviewing the available literature revealed little information about the incidence of phrenic nerve palsy associated with neo...

Brachial plexus regional anesthesia has been a mainstay of the anesthesiologist’s armamentarium since Hall1 first reported the use of cocaine to block upper extremity nerves in 1884. The American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (ASRA) has sponsored a unique educational endeavor to provide practitioners and academicians alike with a comprehensive resource pertaining to brachial ...

In vitro, the transport of [14C]riboflavin into and from the isolated choroid plexus, the anatomical locus of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, was studied. With concentrations of [14C]riboflavin of 0.7 microM (or greater) in the incubation medium, the choroid plexus accumulated [14C]riboflavin against a large concentration gradient by a process that did not depend on binding or intracellu...

A total of 11 patients with combined traumatic injuries of the brachial plexus and spinal cord were reviewed retrospectively. Brachial plexus paralysis in such dual injuries tends to be diagnosed and treated late and the prognosis is usually poor. The associated injuries, which were all on the same side as the plexus lesion, were to the head (nine cases), shoulder girdle (five), thorax (nine) a...