Research results at other locations in western U.S. indicate that a plant spacing of approximately 12 inches within rows and 20 or 22 inches between rows is necessary to obtain near maximum yields of sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris 1..) and yet maintain adequate space for machinery operation (4, 6, 10). 3 Increasing row and plant spacings with corresponding decreases in plant population have reduced ...

Stomata are microscopic pores formed by specialized cells in the leaf epidermis and permit gaseous exchange between the interior of the leaf and the atmosphere. Stomata in most plants are separated by at least one epidermal pavement cell and, individually, overlay a single substomatal cavity within the leaf. This spacing is thought to enhance stomatal function. Yet, there are several genera nat...

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd., Amaranthaceae) is an environmental stress-resilient crop of increasing global importance. Sowing density a critical factor in the cultivation protocol. We evaluated row-spacing effect on growth, yield, and grain quality under Mediterranean conditions. hypothesized that lower row spacing would reduce stem diameter increase yield but may quality. Two accessions ...