A number of dioecious species are grown across India and some of those plants play a crucial role in the agro-based economy of the country. The diagnosis of sex is very difficult in the dioecious plant prior flowering wherein sex identification at the seedling stage is of great importance to breeders as well as farmers for crop improvement or production purpose. A comprehensive approach of sex ...

Twelve greenbug (Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)) biotype E-resistant synthetic hexaploid wheats synthesized by crossing Triticum dicoccum Schrank. and Aegilops tauschii (Coss.) Schmal. were evaluated for the three known insect resistance categories, including antibiosis, anti-xenosis, and tolerance. Different methods were evaluated for calculating antibiosis and tolerance. Calculating intrinsic ...

A fast, efficient technique is described for the extraction of DNA from a large number of samples. The applications of this method include population genetics, plant breeding, and genetic screening. In the field, samples are collected in premeasured silica gel aliquots in polypropylene blocks, which are later used to grind the dried tissue. This permits naturalists, breeders, and collaborators ...

Grain size and grain number constitute 2 important components of grain yield. In particular, the grain size also influences the end-use quality (e.g., flour yield and protein content) and attracts consumer preference. These 2 traits are also the components of the domestication syndrome of crop plants. A number of important studies have recently been conducted to understand the genetic and molec...

The ability of plants to tolerate salts is determined by multiple biochemical pathways that facilitate retention and/or acquisition of water, protect chloroplast functions and maintain ion homeostasis. Essential pathways include those that lead to synthesis of osmotically active metabolites, specific proteins and certain free radical enzymes to control ion and water flux and support scavenging ...

The program "Nb_HetEx" estimates the effective number of breeders (N(b)) that produced the sampled progeny based on genotype counts contained in that sample. When the number of breeders is very small, there is an excess of heterozygotes in their progeny: the smaller the number of breeders, the larger the heterozygote excess. The Nb_HetEx program also estimates N(e) through the temporal method.

Knowledge of genetic and phenotypic association among economic traits helps plant breeders in outlying efficient breeding strategies for development high yielding wheat variety. An experiment on 238 progenies along with parents was conducted to determine the correlation path coefficient analysis yield its attributing wheat. The result reveals presence variability Grain per had showed significan...

Ansell's mole-rats (Fukomys anselli) are subterranean rodents living in families composed of about 20 members with a single breeding pair and their non-breeding offspring. Most of them remain with their parents for their lifetime and help to maintain and defend the natal burrow system, forage, and care for younger siblings. Since incest avoidance is based on individual recognition (and not on s...

Sexually mature, male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were housed in large communal breeding cages or in smaller paired breeding cages. Virgin control rats of the same age were housed similarly but segregated by sex. Breeders became obese, developed a fatty liver, and showed elevated levels of triglycerides, free fatty acids, and cholesterol. Breeders had high blood pressure, enlarged hearts, hy...