the national bridge stock of iran consists of about 330,000 bridges, of which around 50% are older than 30 years. since 2010, iran road maintenance & transportation organization has started implementing a comprehensive bridge management system in order to manage this aged stock efficiently. to predict future conditions of bridge stock, a heuristic numerical method is presented. this methodology...

ecological destruction in human-dominated landscapes has significant impacts on environment sustainability internationally. landscape planning can play a role in mitigating the effects of human-related activities. one element of landscape planning involves the analysis of the biological, spatial and social arrangement of areas in an urban environment and identifying characteristics that are und...

achieving optimal production cycle time for improving manufacturing processes is one of the common problems in production planning. during recent years, different approaches have been developed for solving this problem, but most of them assume that mean quality characteristic is constant over production run length and sets it on customer’s target value. however, the process mean may drift from ...

This paper discusses various issues in integrated manufacturing planning that establish the need for incremental process planning. Interfaces between process planning and design, facility planning and scheduling modules are explained in order to verify that process plans are developed afcer receiving a feedback from other manufacturing planning systems and justify the need for incremental proce...

in 2002, david alexander wrote principles of emergency planning and management. long a standard reference work in that book he described the processes of preparing for and responding to disasters, crises, and civil contingencies. he based the work on principles because he wanted to dissociate it from any particular system of emergency management. then, as now, many books in this subject are tie...

Abstract Frequent changes in customer needs and large product variety are forcing manufacturing companies to move from mass production customization. Customized can be achieved by introducing reconfigurable systems (RMS). The customized flexibility several characteristics of RMSs provide many opportunities terms process planning. However, those greatly increase the complexity design planning sy...