Basic electrophysiological properties of the KcsA K 1 channel were examined in planar lipid bilayer membranes. The channel displays open-state rectification and weakly voltage-dependent gating. Tetraethylammonium blocking affinity depends on the side of the bilayer to which the blocker is added. Addition of Na 1 to the trans chamber causes block of open-channel current, while addition to the ci...

Single sodium channels from human brain cortex tissue were incorporated into voltage-clamped planar lipid bilayers in the presence of batrachotoxin and studied with various doses of the new anaesthetic compound propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol). Propofol was found to depress two major sodium channel functions, leading to a reduction of the time-averaged fractional channel open-time (half-maximal...

Recently we have developed 4 channel incubation type planar patch clamp biosensor with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) substrate by using both-side hot embossing, focused ion beam micro-fabrication and surface modification by extra cellular matrix. We have evaluated the performance by using the light-gated ion-channel protein, channelrhodopsin wide receiver (ChRWR) expressed on HEK293 cell. Obser...

In this paper, we propose the phantom cell analysis for dynamic channel assignment. This is an approximate analysis that can handle realistic planar systems with the threecell channel-reuse pattern. To find the blocking probability of a particular cell, two phantom cells are used to represent its six neighboring cells. Then, by conditioning on the relative positions of the two phantom cells, th...

Low pH triggers the translocation domain of diphtheria toxin (T-domain), which contains 10 α helices, to insert into a planar lipid bilayer membrane, form a transmembrane channel, and translocate the attached catalytic domain across the membrane. Three T-domain helices, corresponding to TH5, TH8, and TH9 in the aqueous crystal structure, form transmembrane segments in the open-channel state; th...

Geophysical basins of terrestrial surfaces have been quantitatively characterized through a host of indices such as topological quantities (e.g. channel bifurcation and length ratios), allometric scaling exponents (e.g. fractal dimensions), and other geomorphometric parameters (channel density, Hack’s and Hurst exponents). Channel density, estimated by taking the ratio between the length of cha...

Bile acids have been reported to produce relaxation of smooth muscle both in vitro and in vivo. The cellular mechanisms underlying bile acid-induced relaxation are largely unknown. Here we demonstrate, using patch-clamp techniques, that natural bile acids and synthetic analogues reversibly increase BK(Ca) channel activity in rabbit mesenteric artery smooth muscle cells. In excised inside-out pa...

Considering the network structure is one of the new approaches in studying stochastic PERT networks (SPN). In this paper, planar networks are studied as a special class of networks. Two structural reducible mechanisms titled arc contraction and deletion are developed to convert any planar network to a series-parallel network structure.&#10In series-parallel SPN, the completion time distribution...

considering the network structure is one of the new approaches in studying stochastic pert networks (spn). in this paper, planar networks are studied as a special class of networks. two structural reducible mechanisms titled arc contraction and deletion are developed to convert any planar network to a series-parallel network structure. in series-parallel spn, the completion time distribution fu...

In this paper, an efficient numerical scheme based on uniform Haar wavelets is used to solve the non-planar Burgers equation. The quasilinearization technique is used to conveniently handle the nonlinear terms in the non-planar Burgers equation. The basic idea of Haar wavelet collocation method is to convert the partial differential equation into a system of algebraic equations that involves a ...