The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of using corn stover or three different wood-based bedding materials (kiln-dried pine wood chips, dry cedar chips, or green cedar chips) on airborne concentrations of NH, total reduced sulfides (TRS), CO, CH, and NO above lab-scaled bedded manure packs. Four bedded packs of each bedding material were maintained for two 42-d periods. Airb...

In the context of nuclear waste disposal in clay formations, laboratory experiments were performed to study at reduced scale the Excavation Damaged Zone (EDZ) induced by the construction of galleries in the Boom Clay formation. For this purpose, thick-walled hollow cylindrical samples were subjected (after recovery of in-situ stress conditions) to a decrease of the inner confining pressure aimi...

In this paper two linear arrays including a linear 1×4 and a planar 2×2 of microstrip patch and half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity hybrid antenna are introduced and investigated. These are simply implemented using low cost single layer printed circuit board (PCB) process. The array element consists of a rectangular microstrip patch with appropriate dimensions in the vicinity ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 2 different bedding types, sand and wood shavings, on the behavior of broiler chickens. In experiment 1, 6 pens were divided down the center and bedded half with sand and half with wood shavings. Male broilers (10/pen) were observed by scan sampling at 5- or 12-min intervals throughout the 6-wk growth period during the morning (between 08...

PURPOSE This systematic review was conducted to gain insight into the efficacy of transmission of infectious agents to colony sentinels by soiled bedding transfer based on publications studying this subject in mice and rats. This information is essential to establish recommendations for the design of health monitoring programs which use sentinels to determine the microbiological status of labor...

Broiler chicken production is widely dispersed across the globe, and one important issue for growers is the selection of adequate bedding material, as the availability and price of substrates varies among countries and regions within a same country. This study aimed at applying a multiple criteria analysis approach for the selection of the most appropriate bedding material for broiler productio...

the reaction of [pphj, nos,] with cucl and kscn (1 :3:3) in acetone produces the yell-ow crystals of [pph,], [wos,(cuncs),]. the crystals are triclinic, space group p1(2), z=2, a=12.4823(7), b=12.9224(7), c=18.6395(10)?, ?=83.907(5), ?= 73.152(4), y= 65.194(4)'. the crystal structure was determined by single crystal xray diffraction methods (mo-k ?) and refined by least-squares calculation...

This experiment compared the effects of sand and straw bedding in free stalls on resting time, cleanliness, hock injuries, and hoof health of dairy cows and tested whether cow preferences for a bedding material depended on the familiarity with the material. A total of 52 dairy cows were kept either on straw bedded concrete stalls or sand stalls for at least 21 wk. The lying behavior was observe...