Every permutation of {1, 2, . . . , N} can be written as the product of two involutions. As a consequence, any permutation of the elements of an array can be performed in-place using simultaneous swaps in two rounds of swaps. In the case where the permutation is the k-way perfect shuffle we develop two methods for efficiently computing the pair of involutions that accomplishes these swaps. The ...

The spatially localized firing of hippocampal place cells is thought to underlie the navigational function of the hippocampus. Performance on a spatial task learned using a particular place cell map should therefore deteriorate if the map is disrupted. To test this prediction, we trained rats on a hippocampal-dependent spatial task in a black box and tested them in a white box. Although the cha...

Changing the angular separation between two visual stimuli attached to the wall of a recording cylinder causes the firing fields of place cells to move relative to each other, as though the representation of the floor undergoes a topological distortion. The displacement of the firing field center of each cell is a vector whose length is equal to the linear displacement and whose angle indicates...

Prior studies using mice have shown that scent marks are an important source of information and can cause behavioural changes in other individuals. Studies have also shown that scent marks in the environment can affect the outcome of social interactions between mice. We used conditioned place preference tests to investigate whether CD-1 male mice (Mus musculus) are reinforced by olfactory cues ...

Hippocampal place cells show location-specific firing as animals locomote in an environment. A possible explanation for these place fields is that each cell is simply driven by environmental sensory inputs available in its field. This cannot provide the full explanation, however, since cells can maintain stable place fields even in the absence of reliable environmental orienting cues. This sugg...

The spike timing of spatially tuned cells throughout the rodent hippocampal formation displays a strikingly robust and precise organization. In individual place cells, spikes precess relative to the theta local field potential (6-10 Hz) as an animal traverses a place field. At the population level, theta cycles shape repeated, compressed place cell sequences that correspond to coherent paths. T...

Hippocampal gamma rhythms increase during mnemonic operations (Johnson and Redish, 2007; Montgomery and Buzsáki, 2007; Sederberg et al., 2007; Jutras et al., 2009; Trimper et al., 2014) and may affect memory encoding by coordinating activity of neurons that code related information (Jensen and Lisman, 2005). Here, a hippocampal-dependent, object-place association task (Clark et al., 2000; Broad...

the intention of this paper is to define the concept of the spirit of place, and then to identify methods for its preservation in historical urban contexts. in fact, this study seeks to answer the question whether the spirit of the place and its components can be derived from tissue structure to improve? and whether we can weave his old identity in psychological indicators - human behavior foun...