Interfacial engineering has been considered as an effective technique to improve the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, interface between tin oxide (SnO2) film and fluorine-doped (FTO) glass is dealt with a piranha solution, resulting in more hydroxyl groups on surface FTO glass. SnO2 fabricated by spin-coating SnCl2·2H2O precursor. Our results demonstrate that exh...

Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly has attracted much attention because of its ability to create multifunctional films on surfaces while maintaining bulk properties. The method relies on sequential adsorption of polymers onto bulk surfaces from solution, giving rise to complex multilayered films. LbL assembly is simple to implement and offers extensive control over film properties and composition du...

Measurement of the half-value layer (HVL) is a difficult task in computed tomography (CT) , because a nonrotating X-ray tube must be used. The purpose of this study is to develop a lead-covered case, which enables HVL measurements with a rotating CT X-ray tube. The lead-covered case was manufactured from acrylic and lead plates, which are 3 mm thick and have a slit. The slit-detector distance c...

Parallel environments consisting of a network of heterogeneous workstations introduce an inherently dynamic environment that differs from multicomputers. Workstations are usually considered “shared” resources while multicomputers provide dedicated processing power. The number of workstations available for use is continually changing; the parallel machine presented by the network is in effect co...

The present study deals with the ecological impacts of the introduction of two alien species of piscivorous fish in several lakes of the Middle Rio Doce lake district in Minas Gerais, Brazil. It was demonstrated that these effects were not restricted only to the fish community. The introduction of the predatory red piranha Pygocentrus nattereri and the tucunaré Cichla cf. ocellaris caused not o...

Blood-contacting medical devices are often associated with shear-induced and contact activation thrombosis. Superhydrophobic materials have shown promise to reduce flow drag forces, but not activation. Here, a strategy of selectively grafting potent anti-thrombin compound on the tips surface microstructures superhydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene foam, is presented, concurrently achieve reduct...