Abstract In alkaline and near-neutral soil environments, the mechanical seismic performance of buried steel pipes degrades with deepening corrosion over time. To study fragility different service ages in these an incremental dynamic time history analysis typical was carried out time-varying constitutive model steel. A probabilistic demand for environments then established, which can characteriz...

Metallic miniature products have been highlighted as mini-/micro-structural components working as a precise mechanism, in dispensing systems, and in medical operations. In particular, the essential mechanical parts such as pipes and nozzles have strength and hardness sufficient for ejecting viscous liquids, solders, and particles. A low-temperature plasma nitriding process was proposed as a sur...

A pipeline is a popular architecture which connects computational components (filters) through connectors (pipes) so that computations are performed in a stream like fashion. The data are transported through the pipes between filters, gradually transforming inputs to outputs. This kind of stream processing has been made popular through UNIX pipes that serially connect independent components for...

Yahoo! Pipes is a well-known, widely used visual programming environment for creating data mashups by aggregating, manipulating, and publishing web feeds. It provides a natural laboratory for observing a range of end-user programming (EUP) behaviors on a large scale. We have examined more than 30,000 Pipes compositions in a search for regularities that might inform the design of EUP systems and...

The pressure on water infrastructure has increased due to an increase in the number of aging pipes. Aging pipes are prone failure, causing significant financial losses and service disruptions. increasing aged limited budget for pipe rehabilitation or replacement necessitates asset management ensure sustainable supply services. In this study, contingent valuation was used estimate willingness pa...

Many buildings had stopped their service due to damage non-structural members including ceilings, partition walls and piping after large-scale earthquakes. In particular, piping-failure-caused water leakage damaged electronic equipment resulted in a loss of functionality the building. Cyclic bending tests are conducted carbon steel pipes for supply with nominal diameters 25A, 40A, 50A 80A evalu...

The structural response and failure mechanisms of 35 used concrete sewer pipes are investigated by means a combined experimental–numerical approach, whereby specific attention focuses on determining the effect biochemical attack. Accordingly, degree degradation inner outer surfaces is carefully analysed visual inspection, subsequently categorized in 6 different surface condition classes. type a...