Spray Diagnostics Measurements of an air blast atomizer at ambient pressure conditions are presented. The atomizer was developed by United Technologies Aerospace Systems as part of a combustor design for NASA's Environmentally Responsible Aviation (ERA) N+2 advanced, low NOx combustor technologies program. The goals of this combustor design is to meet or exceed the N+2 LTO NOx goal of 75% reduc...

Ward and Kennedy (1999) have introduced a modified version of the Sociocultural Adaptation Scale (SCAS) by Searle and Ward (1990). This scale has been designed towards measuring behavioral and cognitive components of cross-cultural adjustment among various groups of sojourners and international travellers. Ward and Kennedy (1999) based their psychometric analysis on a total of 16 crosssectional...

In this study ignition of premixed ammonia was tested using a compression-ignited (CI) pilot fuel. n-heptane (C7H16) used as fuel, injected with GDI injector, enabling very small fuel injections. With setup, the engine run up to 98.5 % energy from – higher than seen in other CI-engine studies at time writing. The contribution varied 80–98.5 %, while keeping total λ-value constant. An important ...

We introduce an application of self-driving vehicle technology to the problem of towing aircraft at busy airports from gate to runway and runway to gate. Autonomous towing can be supervised by human rampor ATC controllers, pilots, or ground crew. The controllers provide route information to the tugs, assisted by an automated route planning system. The planning system and tower and ground contro...

This paper describes the results of experiments using a pilot-scale, 140,000 Btu/h, solid fuel continuous feed laboratory incinerator. A synthetic fuel representative of the municipal solid waste in the United States was formulated and used in this research. The fuel contained Fe and SiO2, and was doped with trace amounts of Al, Ni, Cr, Hg, and PbO. Experiments were performed with varying fuel–...

The behaviour of alkali metals, especially of potassium, during circulating fluidised bed combustion of wood-based fuels was studied experimentally in pilot-scale and industrial scale combustors. The fuels included willow, forest residue and waste wood co-combusted with paper mill sludge. As a result of this work, the main chemical and physical transformation mechanisms of potassium compounds i...

The co-disposal of densified sludge and wastepaper in a co-current flow packed bed gasifier represents new application of the thermal gasification process. Advantages of this technolo a gy include lower costs than other incineration or pyrolysis technologies, simple construction and operation, and the ability to a variety of fuels including agricultural wastes and other b.iomass materials in ad...

Emissions from flares typical of those found at oil-field battery sites in Alberta, Canada, were investigated to determine the degree to which the flared gases were burned and to characterize the products of combustion in the emissions. The study consisted of laboratory, pilot-scale, and field-scale investigations. Combustion of all hydrocarbon fuels in both laboratory and pilot-scale tests pro...

This study is focused on the effects of nitrogen content in biomass feedstock on the producer gas composition and the flue gas NOx emissions from a pilot-scale gasification and combustion system. Biomass gasification has the potential to produce carbon negative energy by using renewable resources. The greenhouse gases emitted by burning fossil fuels have to be reduced, and biomass gasification ...

Mongolia has more than ten times as many livestock as people. Herders are dependent on their livestock for their livelihood, and seasonal movement is driven by the livestock’s grazing needs. The daily, seasonal interactions between Mongolian herders and their livestock put herders at risk for several zoonotic diseases. The goals of this pilot study were to describe potential risk factors for zo...