Phytophthora sojae, an oomycete pathogen, produces a large number of effector proteins that enter into host cells. The Crinklers (Crinkling and Necrosis, CRN) are cytoplasmic effectors that are conserved in oomycete pathogens and their encoding genes are highly expressed at the infective stages in P. sojae. However, their roles in pathogenesis are largely unknown. Here, we functionally characte...

Manual annotation of the Phytophthora ramorum and P. sojae genomes has identified 136, and 132 members, respectively, indicating that the ABC superfamily is comparable in size to the Arabidopsis and rice genomes. The high level of synteny that was observed between these oomycete genomes extends to the ABC superfamily where 107 orthologous pairs were identified by phylogenetic analysis. The larg...

Resistance to Phytophthora sojae isolate PsMC1 was evaluated in 102 F2∶3 families derived from a cross between the resistant soybean cultivar Wandou 15 and the susceptible cultivar Williams and genotyped using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The segregation ratio of resistant, segregating, and susceptible phenotypes in the population suggested that the resistance in Wandou 15 was dominant...

A characteristic plant response to microbial attack is the production of endo-beta-1,3-glucanases, which are thought to play an important role in plant defense, either directly, through the degradation of beta-1,3/1,6-glucans in the pathogen cell wall, or indirectly, by releasing oligosaccharide elicitors that induce additional plant defenses. We report the sequencing and characterization of a ...

Phytophthora megasperma var. sojae (A. A. Hildebrand) is a fungal stem and root rot-causing pathogen of soybeans. Glycoproteins secreted into the medium of the aseptically cultured fungus have been partially purified by (NH(4))(2)SO(4) precipitation and by column chromatography on norleucine-substituted Sepharose 4B and on DEAE-cellulose. Glycoprotein preparations from P. megasperma var. sojae ...

Along with the well-studied microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a new class of transfer RNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA), which has recently been detected in multiple organisms and is implicated in gene regulation. However, while miRNAs and siRNAs are known to repress gene expression through sequence-specific RNA cleavage or translational repression, how tsRNAs regulate gene expr...

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent a large receptor family involved in a broad spectrum of cell signaling. To understand signaling mechanisms mediated by GPCRs in Phytophthora sojae, we identified and characterized the PsGPR11 gene, which encodes a putative seven-transmembrane GPCR. An expression analysis revealed that PsGPR11 was differentially expressed during asexual development. ...

Abstract The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor family, one of the largest and most diverse families in eukaryotes, is associated with development stress responses many eukaryotic organisms. However, their biological functions oomycete plant pathogens are unclear. A genome-wide analysis bZIP factors Phytophthora sojae showed that PsBZP32, which has a unique bZIP-PAS domain structu...

We have used map-based approaches to clone a locus containing two genes, Avr1b-1 and Avr1b-2, required for avirulence of the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora sojae (Kaufmann & Gerdemann) on soybean plants carrying resistance gene Rps1b. Avr1b-1 was localized to a single 60-kb bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone by fine-structure genetic mapping. Avr1b-1 was localized within the 60-kb regi...