The global electrical energy consumption is still rising and there is a steady demand to increase the power capacity. Deregulation of energy has lowered the investment in larger power plants, which means the need for new electrical power sources may be increased in the near future. In general, this paper discusses role of modern power electronics in small size wind energy and hybrid generating ...

In this paper grid connected boost photovoltaic micro inverter system using maximum power point tracking is presented. First the photovoltaic module is analyzed using SIMULINK software. The main aim of the Paper is the boost converter is to be used along with a Maximum Power Point Tracking control mechanism. The MPPT is responsible for extracting the maximum possible power from the photovoltaic...

The reactive-power service will be or is already obligatory for new grid-connected photovoltaic systems. The paper investigates the impact of the reactive-power service on the energy yield of a photovoltaic system and its effect on the inverter sizing and economic yield. Based on simulations and analysis of an operating photovoltaic system we show that energy losses due to the reactive-power se...

This paper proposes a stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system based on a DC-DC positive output super lift Luo (POSLL) converter. A conventional sliding mode control, a sliding mode controller using a simple sign function and a linear controller using proportional integrator (PI) are used for the control of the PV panel voltage and POSLL converter inductor current and these methods are compared tog...

The power supply of remote sites and applications at minimal cost and with low emissions is an important issue when discussing future energy concepts. This paper presents modeling and optimization of a photovoltaic (PV)/wind/diesel system with batteries storage for electrification to an off-grid remote area located in Rafsanjan, Iran. For this location, different hybrid systems are studied and ...

The effective actions of a scalar and massless spin-half field are determined as functions of the deformation of a symmetrically squashed three-sphere. The extreme oblate case is particularly examined as per-tinant to a high temperature statistical mechanical interpretation that may be relevant for the holographic principle. Interpreting the squashing parameter as a temperature, we find that th...