Background: It has recently been shown that the particle size of materials used for radiation shielding can affect the magnitude of radiation attenuation. Over the past years, application of nano-structured materials in radiation shielding has attracted attention world-wide. The purpose of this study was to investigate the shielding properties of the lead-free shields containing micro and nano-...

The qualitative and quantitative accuracy of SPECT images is degraded by physical factors of attenuation, Compton scatter and spatially varying collimator geometric response. This paper presents a 3D ray-tracing technique for modelling attenuation, scatter and geometric response for SPECT imaging in an inhomogeneous attenuating medium. The model is incorporated into a three-dimensional projecto...

UNLABELLED Attenuation of photons degrades both the accuracy and the precision of SPECT images; attenuation correction algorithms correct the bias but cannot improve precision. Increased noise due to photon attenuation is most pronounced in regions deep in solid body sections, such as the brain and abdomen. We have quantified the degradation in performance in several estimation tasks that can b...

A light attenuation sensor system (LASS) for measurements in waters is described in this paper. The LASS records irradiance at multiple levels in the water column to provide a measure of the diffuse light attenuation coefficient which is strongly affected by suspended sediment. Dimensional analysis and geometric optical theory are used to relate the irradiance attenuation to sediment properties...

A one-parameter two-term Henyey-Greenstein (TTHG) phase function of light scattering in seawater is proposed. The original three-parameter TTHG phase function was reduced to the one-parameter TTHG phase function by use of experimentally derived regression dependencies between integral parameters of the marine phase functions. An approach to calculate a diffuse attenuation coefficient in the dep...

We read with interest the recent paper by Shiga et al. published in the European Journal of Nuclear Medicine [1]. The authors report some interesting results concerning the effect of triple-energy window-based scatter correction on brain perfusion SPET using statistical para-metric mapping (SPM) analysis. The research performed is worthwhile and contributes significantly to our understanding of...

We present a new method for extracting the effective attenuation coefficient and the diffusion coefficient from relative spectrally resolved cw radiance measurements using the diffusion approximation. The method is validated on both simulated and experimental radiance data sets using Intralipid-1% as a test platform. The effective attenuation coefficient is determined from a simple algebraic ex...

In situ time-series measurements of spectral diffuse downwelling irradiance from the Bermuda Testbed Mooring are presented. Averaged diffuse attenuation coefficients of downwelling irradiance, Kd,and their elastic and inelastic components are investigated at seven wavelengths. At shorter wavelengths (<510 nm), Kd is weakly dependent on the solar zenith angle owing to the prevailing scattering e...

Quantitative SPECT can be well achieved if photon attenuation is taken into account in the reconstruction process. Using a transmission scan is a common approach. A dramatic simplification could be made if the attenuation map could be obtained from the emission data. In this paper, we propose a new method to estimate the attenuation map using the data consistency conditions of the attenuated Ra...

Abstract Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) can change the threshold behavior predicted by special relativity and cause anomalies which affect propagation of cosmic photons. In this work, we focus on anomaly effect photon attenuations extragalactic background light (EBL) discuss how to identify LIV from observations very high energy (VHE) photons propagated long distance in universe. We point o...