in this article, zno and zno:mn nanoparticles prepared by reverse micelle method. the various crystalline properties of these nanoparticles such as size, d-spacing, strain, stress, dislocation density and texture coefficient have been calculated with the help of xrd spectrum. the xrd results indicated that the synthesized zno and zno:mn nanoparticles have a pure wurtzite (hexagonal phase) struc...

This work proposes a direct sequence spread spectrum transmitter with high transmission range and efficiency for audio signals. It is shown that by choosing high process gain for spread spectrum signal the data could reach a range of 55km in the 2.4GHz ISM band. By employing a light modulation scheme, we have a relaxed SNR requirement for having a low bit error rate (BER) which translates to re...

Human relationship is important for everyone. The relationship connection is generally constructed by the value production. The insight of value system is firstly described with the discussions of value definition, framework of value system, value evaluation with positive and negative measures, and value characteristics. Then a framework of value-oriented human relationship is analyzed with the...

The current study investigated how amplitude and phase information differentially contribute to speech intelligibility. Listeners performed a word-identification task after hearing spectrally degraded sentences. Each stimulus was degraded by first dividing it into segments, then the amplitude and phase components of each segment were decorrelated independently to various degrees relative to tho...

We have controlled the relative phase between two successively generated coherent anti-Stokes Raman-scattering signals with a homemade phase-shifting unit, the thickness of which could be automatically adjusted as the wavelength of Stokes beam scanned in a wide spectral range. With this technique we have recovered the Q-branch spectrum of carbon monoxide distorted by a large nonresonant contrib...

cis-polybutadiene was functionalized using in–situ generated dmd as oxidant and tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide as phase transfer catalyst (ptc). the epoxidation process was investigated by 1hnmr spectroscopy. 1hnmr spectrum analysis of products confirms the absence of ring opening side products in epoxidation reaction. various factors such as reaction temperature, reaction time and the concentr...

We study the phase space of periodically modulated gravitational cavity by means of quantum recurrence phenomena. We report that the quantum recurrences serve as a tool to connect phase space of the driven system with a spectrum in the quantum domain. With the help of quantum recurrences we investigate the quasienergy spectrum of the system for a certain fixed modulation strength. In addition, ...

State of the art objective measures for quantifying voice quality mostly consider estimation of features extracted from the magnitude spectrum. Assuming that speech is obtained by exciting a minimum-phase (vocal tract filter) and a maximum-phase component (glottal source), the amplitude spectrum cannot capture the maximum phase characteristics. Since voice quality is connected to the glottal so...

Frequency synthesizers are used in a large number of time division multiplexed (TDMA) and frequency hopping wireless applications where quickly attaining frequency lock is critical. A new frequency synthesizer is described which employs a scheme for reducing lock time by a factor of two using a conventional phase locked loop architecture. Faster lock is attained by shifting the loop filter’s ze...