The use of an electronically tunable lens (ETL) to produce controlled phase shifts in interferometric arrangements is shown. The performance of the ETL as a phase-shifting device is experimentally validated in phase-shifting digital holographic microscopy. Quantitative phase maps of a section of the thorax of a Drosophila melanogaster fly and of human red blood cells have been obtained using ou...

This paper presents a new W-band transmitter with the proposed injection locking frequency multiplier based phase shifter to enable a low frequency local oscillator (LO) distribution. This scheme eliminates sophisticated high frequency phase shifters and LO distribution networks to reduce system design complexity and power consumption, and more importantly, offers great array scalability.

A common problem when profiling surfaces with steps or discontinuities using white-light (coherence-probe) interferometry is localized spikes (batwings) or spurious peaks due to diffraction effects. We show that errors due to these effects can be minimized by processing the irradiance data obtained with an achromatic phase-shifter operating on the geometric (Pancharatnam) phase to yield the val...

A FBG-based pump-phase-shifter is used in the Raman-assisted PSA. By actively tuning the FBG central-wavelength to enable pump phase optimization, up-to-5.6dB signal gain is observed. An improvement of ~6% EVM and ~4dB system sensitivity is observed by 20/25-Gbaud QPSK signals. Introduction Capacity upgrade utilizing higher level modulation formats such as 64QAM and 256QAM has been studied aggr...