Abstract We have used multi-phase field simulation to mimic the actual process of lotus aluminum production, i.e., unidirectional solidification in a hydrogen atmosphere. PD control and PID control, conventional methods feedback pore width precisely simulation. The was shown decrease slowly due slow I-control, produce stable long pores, although became larger than target width. initial concentr...

We investigate the structure and phase behavior of the Stockmayer fluid in the presence of nonuniform electric fields using molecular simulation. We find that an initially homogeneous vapor phase undergoes a local phase separation in a nonuniform field due to the combined effect of the field gradient and the fluid vapor-liquid equilibrium. This results in a high-density fluid condensing in the ...