The orexins (orexin-A and orexin-B) are neuropeptides that are secreted from neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and that participate in the regulation of feeding behavior. It remains to be determined, however, how the orexins exert their effects on feeding behavior, including masticatory movements. To this end, we analyzed food intake behavior and masticatory muscle activity using video analys...

Sleep and feeding rhythms are highly coordinated across the circadian cycle, but the brain sites responsible for this coordination are unknown. We examined the role of neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor-expressing neurons in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) in this process by injecting the targeted toxin, NPY-saporin (NPY-SAP), into the arcuate nucleus (Arc). NPY-SAP-lesioned rats were initially hy...

The starved-to-fed transition is accompanied by rapid glycogen deposition in skeletal muscles. On the basis of recent findings [Bräu, Ferreira, Nikolovski, Raja, Palmer and Fournier (1997) Biochem. J. 322, 303-308] that during recovery from exercise there is a shift from a glucose 6-phosphate/phosphorylation-based control of glycogen synthesis to a phosphorylation-based control alone, this pape...

The neurotransmitter dopamine is shown to play a fundamental role in the generation of the feeding motor pattern and resultant feeding behavior in Helisoma. Application of exogenous dopamine triggered the fictive feeding motor pattern in the isolated CNS and triggered feeding movements in semi-intact preparations. Application of feeding stimulants to the oral cavity excited the putatively dopam...

Feeding of starved animals provides a very short signal which determines stem cells to differentiate into nerve cells after the next mitosis. Only those stem cells become determined which are just in the middle of their S-phase at the time of feeding. Stem cells of any other stage of the cycle do not become determined. Nerve cell determination is suppressed by very low concentrations of an end...

The mammalian circadian timing system consists of a master pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus, which is thought to set the phase of slave oscillators in virtually all body cells. However, due to the lack of appropriate in vivo recording technologies, it has been difficult to study how the SCN synchronizes oscillators in peripheral tissues. Here we describe the re...

The article studied the reproductive qualities of sows and growth piglets under one-phase two-phase feeding suckling piglets. This study aimed to determine dependence intensity survival feed consumption for them using super-pre-starter during hybrid Irish origin. In conditions industrial complex, a comparison was made use pre-starter traditional farm when it fed from seventh twenty-first day li...

Energy metabolism, oxygen consumption rate (VO2), and respiratory quotient (RQ) in mice were monitored continuously throughout 12:12-h light-dark cycles before, during, and after time-restricted feeding (RF). Mice fed ad libitum showed robust daily rhythms in both parameters: high during the dark phase and low during the light phase. The daily profile of energy metabolism in mice under daytime-...

The infl uence of CP content and ingredient complexity, feed form, and duration of feeding of the Phase I diets on growth performance and total tract apparent digestibility (TTAD) of energy and nutrients was studied in Iberian pigs weaned at 28 d of age. There were 12 dietary treatments with 2 type of feeds (high-quality, HQ; and low-quality, LQ), 2 feed forms (pellets vs. mash), and 3 duration...

The performance of nitrogen (N) removal was investigated by altering the influent step feeding in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). optimum condition for analyzed using Technique Order Preference Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) with entropy weight method, considering C/N ratio range 1.5 4.5. results showed that SBR multi-step-feeding system achieved high rate 92.7% at three-step mode. Nit...