Nowadays, more and more researchers pay attention to phased array antennas, which play an important role in the fields of radio frequency identification (RFID), radar, and wireless communications because of their wonderful characteristics of beam forming. In order to maintain good performance in phase shift and feasibility, many techniques have been applied. Such as an electronic phase control ...

Thermosyphons are heat transfer devices characterised by high efficiency due to simultaneous phase changes occurring in the evaporation-condensation cycle of working fluid. One most promising solutions enhance their capacity device is use nanofluids – suspensions particles with at least one dimension below 100 nm. It was determined that nanofluid does not influence work thermosyphons condenser ...

In this paper, an intuitive analysis of a phase noise reduction technique is done, and then a modified structure is proposed to achieve higher phase noise reduction than the original one. This method reduces the impact of noise sources on the phase noise by decreasing closed-loop gain in zero-crossings points and moving this high closed-loop gain to the non-zero-crossings points. This reduction...

In order to research the special embankment (thermosyphon embankment) damages and distribution of permafrost under Qinghai–Tibet Highway (QTH) embankment. The section K2952–K2953, which is a typical representative QTH, was chosen for detection in determine sources damages. this study, performance characteristics embankment, active layer, table found ground-penetrating radar (GPR) images were re...

The aim of this paper is to minimize output phase noise for the pure signal synthesis in the frequency synthesizers. For this purpose, first, an exact mathematical model of phase locked loop (PLL) based frequency synthesizer is described and analyzed. Then, an exact closed-form formula in terms of synthesizer bandwidth and total output phase noise is extracted. Based on this formula, the phase ...