The objectives of this study were to (i) construct a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model able to describe vancomycin (VAN) concentrations in serum in pediatric patients, (ii) determine VAN PK parameters in this population, and (iii) validate the predictive ability of this model in a naive pediatric population. Data used in this study were obtained from 78 pediatric patients (under 18 years ol...

BACKGROUND Traditional medication adherence measures do not account for the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of the drugs, potentially misrepresenting true therapeutic exposure. METHODS In a population of HIV-infected Kenyan children on antiretroviral therapy including nevirapine (NVP), we used a one-compartment model with previously established PK parameters and Medication Event Monitoring Sy...

BACKGROUND Lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) is an effective and commonly used protease inhibitor in HIV-infected adolescents. Previous data showed high plasma concentrations of LPV in Thai patients. This study determined the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of a low-dose LPV/r tablet (70% of standard dose) in HIV-infected Thai adolescents. METHODS A total of 24 adolescents on LPV/r-containing HAART...

Once-daily administration of aminoglycosides is routinely used in many institutions. However, comparative efficacy data for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are lacking. The purpose of the present study was to compare the predicted pharmacodynamic activity of tobramycin at 10 mg/kg of body weight/day administered every 24 h (q24h), q12h, and q8h. Pharmacokinetic (PK) data were derived from an...

While extended infusions of piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) are increasingly used in practice, the effect of infusion on the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of TZP has not been widely assessed. To assess its effect on the pharmacokinetic profile of TZP, seven serum samples were collected from 11 hospitalized patients who received 3.375 g TZP intravenously for 4 h every 8 h. Population pharmacokineti...

Introduction: The reliability of pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters derived from DCE-MRI using approaches such as the Generalized Kinetic Model (GKM) depends on the accuracy of the measured arterial input function (AIF). For prostate studies, the best AIF locations are the femoral arteries which are susceptible to a large inflow effect which shortens the apparent blood T1 and results in inconsiste...

Although many nanocarriers have been developed to encapsulate paclitaxel (PTX), the drug loading and circulation time in vivo always are not ideal because of its rigid "brickdust" molecular structure. People usually concentrate their attention on the spherical nanocarriers, here paclitaxel nanoparticles with different geometries were established through the chemical modification of PTX, nanopre...

The aim of the present study was to determine whether Cremophor EL is a suitable surfactant that can be routinely applied to pharmacokinetic (PK) studies in early drug discovery without influencing the intrinsic PK characteristics of the new chemical entities (NCEs). Cremophor EL, a polyoxyl 35 castor oil, has been used as a solubilization aid for water-insoluble compounds in pre-clinical drug ...

This study aimed to investigate a food effect on the bio-availability of modified-release (MR) trimetazidine tablets in 36 healthy volunteers. Trimetazidine, an anti-ischemic drug, protects the myocardial cell from the harmful effects of ischemia. The authors investigated the effect of being under a fasting or fed state at the time of drug intake on the bioavailability of trimetazidine 35-mg MR...

A novel atomic absorption spectrometric method and two highly sensitive spectrophotometric methods were developed for the determination of paracetamol. These techniques based on the oxidation of paracetamol by iron (III) (method I); oxidation of p-aminophenol after the hydrolysis of paracetamol (method II). Iron (II) then reacts with potassium ferricyanide to form Prussian blue color with a max...