INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to determine whether mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) pharmacokinetics (PK) under combined MMF and prednisone remission-maintenance therapy can predict systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) clinical flares. METHODS At inclusion, steady-state PK parameters of the MMF active form, mycophenolic acid (MPA), and its glucuronide metabolite (MPAG) were determined for 2...

Prediction accuracy of pharmacokinetic parameters is often assessed using prediction fold error, i.e., being within 2-, 3-, or n-fold of observed values. However, published studies disagree on which fold error represents an accurate prediction. In addition, "observed data" from only one clinical study are often used as the gold standard for in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) studies, des...

ABTRACT Because of the narrow therapeutic range and large inter-patient variability in digoxin’s pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, an appropriate dosage regimen for individuals is needed. However, monitoring and adjusting the optimal individualized dosage regimen requires a knowledge and familiarity of pharmacokinetic equations. The objective of this study was to develop a computer-based p...

1. The effects of food and antacid on the pharmacokinetics of tenidap were investigated in this randomised, 3-way cross-over study. 2. Twenty-one healthy young men, mean age 27.4 years, received single oral doses of tenidap sodium 120 mg at weekly intervals after either an overnight fast, with food or with 20 ml of the antacid Maalox (aluminum hydroxide 1.8 g and magnesium hydroxide 1.2 g). Pla...

To determine the pharmacokinetic changes of prednisolone associated with an alternate-day regimen, 12 patients with various diseases were studied longitudinally. There were 9 patients (6 with systemic lupus erythematosus, 2 with sarcoidosis and one with polymyositis), who were treated with prednisolone (daily period) and subsequently put on an alternate-day regimen (alternate-day period). In 2 ...

OBJECTIVES The World Health Organization recommends that all children admitted with severe malnutrition should routinely receive parenteral ampicillin and gentamicin; despite this, mortality remains high. Since this population group is at risk of altered volume of distribution, we aimed to study the population pharmacokinetics of once daily gentamicin (7.5 mg/kg) in children with severe malnutr...

OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to evaluate the influence of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on the plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime and to assess whether the cefuroxime dose regimen (a 1.5 g dose, followed by 750 mg every 6 h for 24 h) is adequate for cardiac surgery antibiotic prophylaxis. METHODS A prospective, controlled, observational study compared patients u...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Insulin degludec is a basal insulin with a slow and distinct absorption mechanism resulting in an ultra-long, flat, and stable pharmacokinetic profile in patients with diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of hepatic impairment on the single-dose pharmacokinetics of insulin degludec. METHODS Twenty-four subjects, allocated to one of four g...

The pharmacokinetic profile of cefepime (10 mg/kg b.w.) was studied following intravenous and intramuscular administration of cefepime alone and coadministered with flunixin (2.2 mg/kg b.w.) in goats. Cefepime concentrations in serum were determined by microbiological assay technique using Escherichia coli (MTCC 443) as test organism. Following intravenous injection of cefepime alone and in com...

background: omeprazole is metabolized predominantly by cyp2c19, a polymorphically expressed enzymes that show marked interindividual and interethnic variation. these variations cause a substantial differences that have been reported in the pharmacokinetics of omeprazole. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters of omeprazole in a random iranian population. met...