1 Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA 2 Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA 3 Fujisawa Healthcare, Inc., Deerfield, Illinois, USA 4 Baylor University Medical Center and University of Texas Southwestern School of Medicine, Dallas, Texas, USA 5 National ...

Cost-effectiveness evaluations or budget impact analysis represent a typical example of decision analysis problems, as they are performed for decision making regarding reimbursement of drugs or health care budget allocation under uncertainty. In contrast to traditional tools for decision making such as regression equations, decision trees and Markov models, Bayesian Networks and Influence Diagr...

1 Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands 2 Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands 3 Department of Health Organization Policy and Economics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands 4 Care and Public Health Research Institute, Department of General Practic...

nary manifestations of ankylosing spondylitis. Mayo Clin Proc 1977; 52:641–649 3 Lee-Chiong TL. Pulmonary manifestations of ankylosing spondylitis and relapsing polychondritis. Clin Chest Med 1998; 19:747–757 4 Tanoue LT. Pulmonary involvement in collagen vascular disease: a review of the pulmonary manifestations of the Marfan syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis, Sjögren’s syndrome and relapsing p...

Since 1999, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) Abstract Technology Appraisal Programme has been charged with producing guidance for the NHS in England and Wales on the appropriate use of new and existing healthcare programmes. Guidance is based on an assessment of a number of factors, including cost effectiveness. The identification, measurement and valuation of co...

1 Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 2 Department of Medical Technology Assessment, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 3 Department of Health Organisation, Policy, and Economics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands 4 Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology, University Hospital Maast...

1 Ophthalmology Unit, Chiangkhum Hospital, Phayao, Thailand 2 International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand 3 Ophthalmology Department, Chiangmai University, Chiangmai, Thailand 4 Ophthalmology Unit, Priest Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand 5 School of Medicine, Health Policy and Practice, University of East Anglia, Norwich, England 6 Health Intervention and Tec...

This article reviews the general issues in valuing health states for use in costAbstract effectiveness analysis and the specific issues considered by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) in its recent review of the methods of technology appraisal. The general issues are how to describe health, how to value health and who should provide the values for health. The spec...