Medical representatives bear the blunt of the significant pressure from the peers and managers to accomplish their market targets which call for an aggressive promotion. This inevitably leads to unethical practices by medical representatives in the sales field. Study of ethic codes influence on ethical behavior of medical representatives in the profession is an under-portrayed component which d...

. This paper investigates the pharmaceutical reverse supply chain. For this industry, the reverse supply chain is usually not owned by a single company. A decentralized negotiation process is thus presented in order to coordinate the collection of unwanted medications at customer zones. Using a Lagrangian relaxation method, the model is solved for a real generic pharmaceutical company. Coordina...

QSP-10 APPLICATION OF AN IN SILICO PHYSIOLOGICALLY BASED PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL TO SIMULATE ORAL DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY OF ATORVASTATIN ACID AND CYCLOSPORINE POST BARIATRIC SURGERY. A. S. Darwich,1 D. Pade,2 K. Rowland-Yeo,2 M. Jamei,2 A. Åsberg,3 H. Christensen,3 D. M. Ashcroft,1 A. Rostami-Hodjegan1; 1Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingd...

An article is dedicated by 100-year anniversary of establishment the Republican commercial and industrial unitary company “BELPHARMATSIYA”. The presents brief historical information about administrative-territorial structure Belarus, socialist transformation in pharmacy difficult military, political economic conditions: formation management bodies, nationalization pharmacies Minsk, self-account...

Pharmaceuticals are chemicals that are used because of their biological activity. They are often excreted unchanged and can reach the environment. Throughout developed countries, the pharmaceutical concentrations in the aquatic environment are in the same range (μg L−1 and below); however, it is not clear whether this holds for less-developed countries too. The health risks of active pharmaceut...

Publication of pharmaceutical company-sponsored research in medical journals, and its presentation at conferences and meetings, is mostly governed by 'publication plans' that extract the maximum amount of scientific and commercial value out of data and analyses through carefully constructed and placed papers. Clinical research is typically performed by contract research organizations, analyzed ...

This review provides a comprehensive survey of proprietary drug discovery and development efforts performed by Indian companies between 1994 and mid-2016. It is based on the identification and detailed analysis of pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and contract research companies active in proprietary new chemical entity (NCE) research and development (R&D) in India. Information on preclinical and ...

OBJECTIVE To assess the awareness and attitudes of the general public in Lebanon regarding the interactions between physicians and pharmaceutical companies. SETTING Primary healthcare clinics and shopping malls in the Greater Beirut Area. PARTICIPANTS 263 participants completed the questionnaire, of whom 62% were female and 38% were male. Eligible participants were Arabic-speaking or Englis...

Package insert of pharmaceutical drug is one of the most prioritized information for pharmacists to secure safety of patients. However, the color of character, size, font and so on are various company by company product to product from a viewpoint of visibility. It may be cause a serious accident in case visibility is unclear, although it is the most important information. Moreover, package ins...