نتایج جستجو برای: pharmaceutical demand

تعداد نتایج: 209068  

2011
Fritz von der Schulenburg Sotiris Vandoros Panos Kanavos

This study provides an overview of policy measures targeting pharmaceutical expenditure in Europe and analyses their impact on originator pharmaceutical prices. Panel data methods are used to examine the market of ACE Inhibitors in six European countries (Denmark, France, Germany, Netherlands, Sweden, United Kingdom) over period 1991-2006. We find that although some measures are effective in re...

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Journal: :Bioengineered 2012
Jong Youn Baik Clifford L Wang Bo Yang Robert J Linhardt Susan Sharfstein

Heparin is the most widely used pharmaceutical to control blood coagulation in modern medicine. A health crisis that took place in 2008 led to a demand for production of heparin from non-animal sources. Since Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are capable of producing heparan sulfate (HS), a related polysaccharide naturally, and heparin and HS share the same biosynthetic pathway, we hypothesized...

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2008
Ramar Perumal Samy Peter Natesan Pushparaj Ponnampalam Gopalakrishnakone

This review deals with the key bioactive compounds and the role of medicinal plants in Ayurvedic systems of medicine in India and their earlier investigation. There has been an increase in demand for the Phytopharmaceutical products of Ayurvĕda in Western countries, because of the fact that the allopathic drugs have more side effects. Many pharmaceutical companies are now concentrating on manuf...

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Journal: :International journal of environmental health research 2015
Kenan Okurut Robinah Nakawunde Kulabako Jonathan Chenoweth Katrina Charles

Sanitation improvement is crucial in saving lives that are lost due to water contamination. Progress towards achieving full sanitation coverage is still slow in low-income informal settlements in most developing countries. Furthermore, resources are being wasted on installing facilities that are later misused or never used because they do not meet the local demand. Understanding demand for impr...

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2010
Brian Godman William Shrank Morten Andersen Christian Berg Iain Bishop Thomas Burkhardt Kristina Garuoliene Harald Herholz Roberta Joppi Marija Kalaba Ott Laius Julie Lonsdale Rickard E. Malmström Jaana E. Martikainen Vita Samaluk Catherine Sermet Ulrich Schwabe Inês Teixeira Lesley Tilson F. Cankat Tulunay Vera Vlahović-Palčevski Kamila Wendykowska Bjorn Wettermark Corinne Zara Lars L. Gustafsson

INTRODUCTION European countries need to learn from each other to address unsustainable increases in pharmaceutical expenditures. OBJECTIVE To assess the influence of the many supply and demand-side initiatives introduced across Europe to enhance prescribing efficiency in ambulatory care. As a result provide future guidance to countries. METHODS Cross national retrospective observational stu...

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Journal: :Croatian medical journal 1999
P Kanavos

This paper (a) provides a methodological taxonomy of pricing, financing, reimbursement, and cost containment methodologies for pharmaceuticals; (b) analyzes complex agency relationships and the health versus industrial policy tradeoff; (c) pinpoints financing measures to balance safety and effectiveness of medicines and their affordability by publicly funded systems in transition; and (d) highl...

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Journal: :Drug discovery today 2012
Alfonso Espada Manuel Molina-Martin

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is an analytical technique based on the separation of the analytes within a capillary owing to their different electrophoretic mobilities. It is widely used in pharmaceutical analyses owing to its versatility and high separation power. However, its penetration into the drug discovery scene has been relatively limited until recent years. Several factors have contri...

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ژورنال: سلامت و محیط زیست 2019
Esmaty, M, Goodarzi, Sh, Hossein Panahi, A, Karami, MA, Shams Khoramabadi, Gh,

Background and Objective: Wastewater from pharmaceutical industry has high chemical oxygen demand as a result of the presence of organic drugs and antibiotics. In order to meet the environmental requirements, several treatment methods like chemical and electrochemical methods have been widely applied due to their high ability to remove organic compounds from pharmaceutical wastewater. Therefore...

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Journal: :Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation 2018

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2007
Muhammad Saleem

A physicochemical study for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater was performed. Objective of the laboratory investigation was to study the removal of color, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), turbidity and phenol and bring them up to the allowable limits for reuse purposes. Efficiency of coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, sa...

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