Many pharmaceutical agents have been discovered by screening natural products from plants, animals, marine organisms and microorganisms. Vincristine, irinotecan, etoposide and paclitaxel are examples of plant-derived compounds that are being employed in cancer treatment, and dactinomycin, bleomycin and doxorubicin are anticancer agents derived from microbial sources. Citarabine is an example of...

Our paper is a …rst attempt to evaluate the long run impact of reference pricing on pharmaceutical innovation, health and expenditures. The model is based on a dynamic game involving three types of agents: pharmaceutical …rms, consumers and a regulatory entity. Pharmaceutical …rms choose the level of research investment and its innovative content, then negotiate introductory prices for new drug...

Cyclodextrins (CDs) are a family of cyclic oligosaccharides composed ofα-(1, 4) linked glucopyranose subunits. CDs have been found as potential candidates because of their ability to alter physical, chemical and biological properties of guest molecules through the formation of inclusion complexes. Pure cyclodextrins that were suitable for pharmaceutical applications did not come available until...

Iodinated contrast media (ICM) are commonly administered pharmaceutical agents. Most often they are used intravenously and intraarterially. Although iodinated contrast agents are relatively safe and widely used, adverse events occur and questions remain about their use, safety, and interactions. The most important adverse effects of contrast media include hypersensitivity reactions, thyroid dys...

The purpose of this article was to analyze the pharmaceutical market tissue sealing agents group Republic Belarus from 2010 2018 based on data presented in Medmarket database and State Register Medicines UE «Center Expertise Testing Healthcare». (B02F) found be characterized by high growth rates a relatively large share. During studied period, it represented Belarusian only one drug - Tachocomb...

Although the total number of new drugs (new chemical entities) approved has gradually decreased over the past decade, the proportion that are expensive biological agents has grown dramatically. In particular, the number of new biological agents registered for treating cancer—so called targeted therapies or personalised medicine—is increasing, and the costs of these treatments are rising too, wi...

Interactive learning, particularly between firms and public research organizations (PRO), nurtures the dynamics of systems of innovation. Limited interaction contributes to explain poor performance in R&D and ultimately, in innovation by developing countries. But why this is so? Based on evidence from the pharmaceutical industry in Mexico, this paper identifies some determinants of PRO-industry...

From long time, scientists are looking for natural biomolecules in order to discover new pharmaceutical agents. Therefore polysaccharides which are natural molecules from several biotopes (microbial, plant, algae, fungi, animals, and insects) constitute a very large potential of application for medical treatment. Among them, chitosan a deacetylated form of chitin (one of the most abundant polys...