Exophiala species are rarely implicated in clinical diseases. In the past 2 years, we have treated phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala species in three immunocompromised patients. Two of these patients presented with subcutaneous abscess or cutaneous verrucous lesions due to Exophiala jeanselmei. The former, an 81-year-old woman, had pulmonary tuberculosis and the latter, a 62-year-old man, h...

Organ transplant recipients under immunosuppressive therapy have a highly increased risk of acquiring unusual opportunistic fungal infections. Therefore, diagnostics for uncharacteristic inflammatory skin lesions in transplant recipients must include an appropriate search for fungi. We recently diagnosed a renal transplant recipient with a cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis due to Alternaria infectori...

Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis is a fungal infection of the brain typically caused by Cladophialophora bantiana, Exophiala dermatitidis, and Rhinocladiella mackenziei, all of which belong to the order Chaetothyriales. The disease results in black, necrotic brain tissue, black pus, and black cerebrospinal fluid. Pathogens usually reach the brain through the bloodstream or lymphatic fluid and occasio...

Cladophialophora bantiana is a neurotropic dematiaceous fungus which only rarely affects the skin. We report a case of disseminated cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Cladophialophora bantiana in an immunocompromised female who presented with multiple pyogenic granuloma-like nodules, dermatophytosis-like plaque, and subcutaneous cysts on the upper and lower extremities without systemic invol...