On the UK Continental Shelf, up to 80,000 tonnes wet weight of oily drill cuttings are produced annually. These are heterogeneous wastes generated from the petroleum drilling industry, composed of significant percentages of hydrocarbons, heavy metals and chlorides. Since 1992, the discharge of drill cuttings containing more than 1% oil-on-cuttings has been prohibited. Moreover, the extensive in...

Several petroleum pitches have been prepared by thermal treatment of various petroleum-derived residues such as clarified oil, aromatic extract and pyrolysis tars. These pitches were characterized physico-chemically (softening point, coking value, QI, & TI) and instrumentally (NMR) and compared. Attempts have been made to correlate physicochemical properties of petroleum residues and pitches wi...

2. Normative reference The standards cited at the appropriate places in this standard are as follows. For these reference standards, their latest version (including the Supplements) shall be applied. JIS K 0124 General rules for high performance liquid chromatography JIS K 2249 Crude petroleum and petroleum products Determination of density and petroleum measurement tables based on a reference ...

A petroleum fluid can be di®ided into three types of species: asphaltenes, resins, and oils. Asphaltenes and resins are polar, while the rest of the so-called oils are either nonpolar or mildly polar. The interaction among these species strongly affect asphaltene precipitation from petroleum fluids. Different measuring methods for asphaltenes in a petroleum fluid gi®e similar results, but diffe...

F or several decades, the selection of a proper tax base has been among the most serious concerns for the economic policy makers. The computable general equilibrium models analysis provides a comprehensive framework for the investigation of the effects of the adopted policies on the economy of a country. In the present study, using a static computable general equilibrium, the effects of tax ref...

Background: Value added tax as an indirect tax is one of the effective sources of government tax revenue and the study of its economic effects is the focus of many economic studies. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of VAT on the stability of the public sector economy in Iran with the approach of promoting tax ethics and culture. Method: The present study was ...

Petroleum-based products are a primary energy source in the industry and daily life. During the exploration, processing, transport and storage of petroleum and petroleum products, water or soil pollution occurs regularly. Biodegradation of the hydrocarbon pollutants by indigenous microorganisms is one of the primary mechanisms of removal of petroleum compounds from the environment. However, the...