PURPOSE To evaluate and compare the observers' ability to measure simulations of cup/disc ratios (CDR) as concentric and non-concentric circles. METHODS In a prospective, random, and masked setting, 43 images representing the CDR spectrum from 0.2 to 0.9 for vertical and horizontal CDR measurements were developed and presented on a computer screen to 171 participants. RESULTS There were sat...

The DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) has therapeutic value for the treatment of cancer. However, the mechanism by which 5-Aza-CdR induces antineoplastic activity is not clear. The efficacy of 5-Aza-CdR on the contribution of gene reactivation by demethylation and enzyme-DNA adduct formation is an important unresolved qu...

AIMS The vertical cup/disc ratio (CDR) has long been used in the assessment of the glaucoma suspect, though the wide range of CDR values in the normal population limits its use. Cup size is related physiologically to disc size and pathologically to glaucomatous damage. Disc size can be measured at the slit lamp as the vertical disc diameter (DD). The ability of the CDR, in relation to DD, to id...

BACKGROUND The DNA demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-CdR) incorporates into DNA and decreases DNA methylation, sparking interest in its use as a potential therapeutic agent. We aimed to determine the effects of maternal 5-aza-CdR treatment on embryo implantation in the mouse and to evaluate whether these effects are associated with decreased levels of DNA methyltransferases (Dnm...

The calcium-dependent regulatory protein (CDR) purified from bovine brain was iodinated with Na[125I]I using the lactoperoxidase-glucose oxidase system. The iodinated protein retained its ability to stimulate the Ca2+-sensitive CDR-depleted cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase from bovine heart. Stimulation of the phosphodiesterase by 125I-CDR was Ca2+-dependent and the labeled protein had a Ka ...

Phosphorylation of skeletal muscle glycogen synthase catalyzed by a protein kinase is stimulated up to 10-fold by the calcium-dependent regulator (CDR) protein. Half-maximal stimulation requires about 1 microgram of CDR/ml. Phosphorylation by the CDR-dependent synthase kinase is more rapid at pH 8.6 than at pH 6.8 and is blocked by ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl-ether)N,N'-tetraacetic acid...

Neuroimaging evidence of disconnection syndrome of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is extremely fascinating. In the study by Brier et al.,[1] they examined resting-state functional-connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fcMRI) in 5 functionally defined brain networks: default mode network (DMN), executive control network (CON), salience network (SAL), dorsal attention network (DAN), and sensory-m...

5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-CdR) is used extensively as a demethylating agent and acts in concert with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACI) to induce apoptosis or inhibition of cell proliferation in human cancer cells. Whether the action of 5-aza-CdR in this synergistic effect results from demethylation by this agent is not yet clear. In this study we found that inhibition of cell prolifera...

Management of the freshwater resources in a sustained manner requires information and understanding surface water hydrology streamflow is key importance this nexus. This study evaluates performance eight different precipitation products (APHRODITE, CHRS CCS, CDR, CHIRPS, CPC Global, GPCC, GPCP, PERSIANN) for prediction two sub-catchments (Chirah Dhoke Pathan) data-scarce Soan River Basin (SRB) ...

Heavy precipitation events are recurrently occurring in Nepal, affecting lives and properties every year, especially the summer monsoon season (i.e., June-September). We investigated an extreme (heavy) event of August 2014 over West Rapti River (WRR) Basin, Nepal. First, we forced a rainfall-runoff model with ground-based (gauge) hourly rainfall data nine stations. Second, validated against wat...