BACKGROUND Measuring the impacts of oral conditions on quality of life is an important part of oral health needs assessment. For this purpose a variety of oral health-related quality of life instruments have been developed. To use a scale in a new context or with a different groups of people, it is necessary to re-establish its psychometric properties. The objectives of this study are to develo...

Computational phonology studies sound patterns in the world’s languages from a computational perspective. This article shows that the similarities between different generative theories outweigh the differences, and discusses stochastic grammars and learning models within phonology from a computational perspective. Also, it shows how the hypothesis that all sound patterns are subregular can be i...

By modeling phonology as a system of ranked violable constraints, Optimality Theory (OT) succeeded in bringing substantive universals and typological generalizations to bear on the analysis of individual phonological systems, and uncovered important generalizations that escaped classical generative phonology, such as top-down effects and the emergence of the unmarked, to name just two (Prince a...

Attention on constraint-based grammar formalisms such as Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) has focussed on syntax and semantics to the exclusion of phonology. This paper investigates the incorporation of a non-procedural theory of phonology into HPSG, based on the ‘one-level’ model of Bird & Ellison (1992). The standard rule-representation distinction is replaced by the description-ob...

Although behavioral and neuropsychological studies have suggested two distinct routes of phonological access, their neural substrates have not been clearly elucidated. Here, we designed an artificial language (based on Korean Hangul) that can be read either through addressed (i.e., whole word mapping) or assembled (i.e., grapheme-to-phoneme mapping) phonology. Two matched groups of native Engli...

Russian ( Acipenser gueldenstaedtii), Persian ( A. persicus) and Siberian ( A. baerii) sturgeons are closely related 'Ponto-Caspian' species. Investigation of their population structure is an important problem, the solution of which determines measures for conservation of these species. According to previous studies, 'baerii-like' mitotypes were found in the Caspian Sea among 35% of Russian stu...

This study was conducted at the Bukhara breeding centre (Ouzbekistan, Central Asia) on Persian gazelles (Gazella subgutturosa subgutturosa) and at Thumammah (Saudi Arabia) on sand gazelles (Gazella subgutturosa marica). Plasma prolactin (PRL) and progesterone were determined in groups of females. Because these females were under two different photoperiods (20 degrees N in Saudi Arabia and 40 de...

In this paper, we address the shortage of evaluation benchmarks on Persian (Farsi) language by creating and making available a new benchmark for English to Persian Cross Lingual Word Sense Disambiguation (CL-WSD). In creating the benchmark, we follow the format of the SemEval 2013 CL-WSD task, such that the introduced tools of the task can also be applied on the benchmark. In fact, the new benc...