Substantial evidence has documented a powerful “instrumentality” effect: the more lethal weaponry employed, greater likelihood that death will result from any given assault. This finding provides foundation for subsequent findings variety of measures restrict prevalence or limit permissible types can lower costs gun violence. The literature advanced to point there is sufficient empirical basis ...

It has previously been shown that upon infection of HeLa cells with modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), assembly is blocked at a late stage of infection and immature virions (IVs) accumulate (G. Sutter and B. Moss, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:10847-10851, 1992). In the present study the morphogenesis of MVA in HeLa cells was studied in more detail and compared to that under two conditions t...

We introduce permissive nominal terms. Nominal terms extend first-order terms with binding. They lack properties of firstand higher-order terms: Terms must be reasoned on in a context of ‘freshness assumptions’; it is not always possible to ‘choose a fresh variable symbol’ for a nominal term; and it is not always possible to ‘alpha-convert a bound variable symbol’. Permissive nominal terms reco...

In this issue of Blood, Pidala et al add a missing piece of information on the impact of amino acid substitutions (AASs) at specific peptide positions of class I antigens.

Current protective lung ventilation strategies commonly involve hypercapnia. This approach has resulted in an increase in the clinical acceptability of elevated carbon dioxide tension, with hypoventilation and hypercapnia 'permitted' in order to avoid the deleterious effects of high lung stretch. Advances in our understanding of the biology of hypercapnia have prompted consideration of the pote...

This report deals with non-deterministic timed strategies, also called timed multi-strategies, for two-player games played between a controller and the environment on the structure of a timed automaton. The motivation of the concept of multi-strategies in timed systems is to have a certain flexibility of which action to be executed. We introduce a penalty for the controller as a quantitative me...

Permissivist metaontology proposes answering customary existence questions in the affirmative. Many of the existence questions addressed by ontologists concern the existence of theoretical entities which admit precise formal specification. This causes trouble for the permissivist, since individually consistent formal theories can make pairwise inconsistent demands on the cardinality of the univ...