Throughout his British Medical Journal series of 25 articles on medical ethics, Gillon frequently used the Arthur case (which involved a British physician who faced criminal charges for allowing a Down's syndrome newborn to die) to illustrate moral arguments concerning approaches to clinical dilemmas. He returns to the Arthur case in this essay on the obligations of physicians toward all patien...

This paper addresses several questions related to the nature, production, and use of animal-human (a-h) chimeras. At the heart of the issue is whether certain types of a-h chimeras should be brought into existence, and, if they are, how we should treat such creatures. In our current research environment, we recognize a dichotomy between research involving nonhuman animal subjects and research i...

Moral judgment in the mature state depends on "theory of mind", or the capacity to attribute mental states (e.g., beliefs, desires, and intentions) to moral agents. The current study uses functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the cognitive processes for belief attribution in moral judgment. Participants read vignettes in a 2x2x2 design: protagonists produced either a negat...

the present article studies the issue of the “necessity of imitating the most learned (a‘lam)”. to this end, while comparing the evidences of the proponents and the opponents of the necessity of imitating the most learned and, explicating the weak points of the former viewpoint, it draws the conclusion that the viewpoint of the permissibility of imitating the master jurist (mujtahid) in general...

one of the important subjects with regard to general average is the demand for compensation. the substantial question is whether the basis for the permissibility of demand for compensation on the part of the damage sufferer is the incur of peril during a voyage or not? according to the legal systems under the present study (england, france, iran and york-antwerp rules), this research reveals th...

it does not seem unlikely the permissibility of suicide in cases of mutual trouble -that has the more important criteria- and also where one is distressed and is suffering from a terminal disease, since the verses and traditions indicating the illegality of suicide are either unrelated to these cases and/or the subject of the reasons for emergency and the emergency rule includes these cases con...

The subject-matter of this paper is the acceptability non-statutory justifications, analysed on instance very similar penal law systems closely related countries, namely Republic Poland and Czech Republic. In both them, one can observe a phenomenon invoking circumstances not set forth in any legal act rendering an action prohibited light judicature. This studies whether it permitted that public...

legislation was one of the concepts and issues of intense debate among different political and religious currents in the persian constitutional era in accordance with the definitions each of these streams of thought provided for legislation and its scope in islam, various positions were held against the constitutional movement having law and legislation as part of its main principles. in this a...