An accurate assessment of moisture content in feed ingredients is important because moisture influences the nutritional evaluation of feedstuffs. The objective of this study was to evaluate various methods for moisture content determination. In Exp. 1, the weight loss on drying (LOD) of corn, soybean meal (SBM), distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), whey permeate, whey powder, spray-dri...

Anaerobic Treatment of Whey Permeate Using Upflow Sludge Blanket Bioreactors

Among the food industries, the dairy industry is considered to be the most polluting one because of the large volume of wastewater generated and its high organic load. In this study, an aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) was used for the treatment of wastewater from a large dairy industry and two hydraulic retention times (HRT), 6 and 8 hours, were evaluated. For both HRTs removal efficiencies o...

Membrane fouling encountered in reclamation of municipal wastewater represents serious design and operational concern. Fouling occurs because the municipal effluent, after secondary treatment, contains high concentrations of suspended particles, colloids and high level of biological activity. Application of membrane technology for treatment of municipal wastewater requires very extensive pretre...

The performance of a polyamide-based thin film composite reverse osmosis membrane (RO) in a spiralwound element BW3025 (FilmTec) for the recovery of caprolactam from an aqueous solution have been investigated. The experimental tests of the RO membrane were carried out using pure water (permeate from a nanofiltration system), brackish water (2000 ppm NaCl) and caprolactam solution (1000 ppm) and...

The removal of boron from aqueous solution by direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) was studied with self-prepared polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membranes in the present work. The effect of pH, boron concentration, temperature and salt concentration of the feed solution on the boron rejection was investigated. The experimental results indicated that boron rejection was less ...

Toluene diamine (TDA) is a main carcinogenic aromatic pollutant in some industrial wastewater. In this study, the reverse osmosis with DSS-HR98PP as the membrane was employed for the removal of TDA in an aqueous environment. The Box–Behnken Design (BBD) of the experimentwas used to consider the effect of operational variables such as pressure, pH and the feed volu...

viscosity (µ) and density (ρ) are important physical roperties for analysis of membrane processes performance and for designing a new membrane process. in addition, the energy requirement for fluid pumping is depend on these two physical properties magnitiude. in this study, firstly, the effects of different process factors such as transmembrane pressure (51, 101, 152, 203 and 253 kpa), tempera...

Our objective was to determine if annatto color or bleaching had any influence on ultrafiltration (UF) flux during production of 80% whey protein concentrate (WPC) or 80% serum protein concentrate (SPC). Cheddar cheese whey (18 vats using 900 kg of whole milk each) and microfiltration (MF) permeate of skim milk (18 processing runs using 1000 kg of skim milk each) were produced. The 18 runs were...