Eight wooden objects were found at Ohalo II, a submerged and well-preserved site in the Sea of Galilee, Israel. The fisher-hunter-gatherers' site has been radiometrically dated to 22,500-23,500 (cal BP) with 45 assays read by four laboratories. The wooden objects were found on brush-hut floors. They include a bark plank with polish and use signs, pencil-shaped specimens with longitudinal shavin...

This vehicle routing problem involves finding a set of trips, one for each vehicle and to pick up known quantities of perishable goods from a set of geographically dispersed suppliers to the cargo terminal of an international airport in south India. The pickup time is based on the deterministic departure time of the flights. The objective of this Vehicle routing problem with Pickup and Delivery...

Selection and transport of materials for tools is ubiquitous throughout our species’ evolutionary history. Yet understanding early human material culture heavily skewed toward lithic technology. This poses challenges when reconstructing technical origins, as organic raw materials, especially plants, likely played a significant role despite their absence from the record until 300 kya. Studies pl...

We address the problem of determining optimal ordering and pricing policies in a finite-horizon newsvendor model with unobservable lost sales. The demand distribution is price-dependent and involves unknown parameters. We consider both the cases of perishable and non-perishable inventory. A very general class of demand functions is studied in this paper. We derive the optimal ordering and prici...

Following abstraction and treatment water becomes a vulnerable and perishable product. It is vulnerable in that the integrity of systems used for the storage and distribution of water can be damaged and contamination through ingress can occur. It is perishable in that its microbial quality can deteriorate due to the bacteria remaining after treatment growing on the residual nutrient in the wate...

This study addresses the production planning problem for perishable products, in which the cost and shortage of products are minimized subject to a set of constraints such as warehouse space, labor working time and machine time. Using the concept of postponement, the production process for perishable products is differentiated into two phases to better utilize the resources. A two-stage stochas...

In current markets of perishable goods such as fish and vegetables, sellers are typically in a weak bargaining position, since perishable products cannot be stored for long without losing their value. To avoid the risk of spoiling products, sellers have few alternatives other than selling their goods at the prices offered by buyers in the markets. The market mechanism needs to be reformed in or...

We examine whether the Coase conjecture [7, 14, 4, 10] is robust against slight ability of commitment of the monopolist not to sell the durable goods to consumers. We quantify the commitment ability in terms of the speed that the durable goods perish, while keeping the time between the o ers small. We demonstrate that the slight commitment capability makes a substantial di erence by constructin...

This paper presents the analysis of a continuous review perishable inventory system wherein the life time of each item follows an exponential distribution. The operating policy is (s,S) policy where the ordered items are received after a random time which follows exponential distribution. Primary arrival follows Poisson distribution and they may turnout to be posit...