Denitrification is an anaerobic process performed by several soil bacteria as an alternative to aerobic respiration. A key-step in denitrification (the N-Nbond is made) is catalyzed by nitric oxide reductase (NOR); 2NO + 2e + 2H → N2O + H2O. NOR from Paracoccus denitrificans is a member of the heme copper oxidase superfamily (HCuOs), where the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase is the classical...

BACKGROUND In current protein research, a limitation still is the production of active recombinant proteins or native protein associations to assess their function. Especially the localization and analysis of protein-complexes or the identification of modifications and small molecule interaction partners by co-purification experiments requires a controllable expression of affinity- and/or fluor...

The Lyz endolysin of bacteriophage P1 was found to cause lysis of the host without a holin. Induction of a plasmid-cloned lyz resulted in lysis, and the lytic event could be triggered prematurely by treatments that dissipate the proton-motive force. Instead of requiring a holin, export was mediated by an N-terminal transmembrane domain (TMD) and required host sec function. Exported Lyz of ident...

A tremendous diversity of ligand binding proteins exists in nature. This undoubtedly creates considerable opportunities for scientific and medicinal applications. In this chapter, we will consider a range of ligand binding proteins, with particular attention to two classes, namely the ligand-binding proteins of the bacterial periplasm and odorant-binding proteins, because these proteins are the...

Thiamine was found to be accumulated in protoplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the same manner as in intact cells, suggesting that a soluble thiamine-binding protein in periplasm may not be an essential component of the thiamine transport system of S. cerevisiae. It was also found that thiamine pyrophosphate cannot be taken up by yeast protoplasts.

In Saccharomyces cerevisia, the key gluconeogenic enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase is secreted into the periplasm during prolonged glucose starvation and is internalized into Vid/endosomes following glucose re-feeding. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase does not contain signal sequences required for the classical secretory and endocytic pathways. Hence, the secretion and internalization are mediated...

A recombinant plasmid carrying a bovine growth hormone gene fused with the regulatory and signal regions of the alkaline phosphatase gene of E. coli was constructed. The bovine growth hormone gene expression as well as protein partial processing and secretion into the periplasm have been shown to take place under phosphate starvation, i.e. conditions of alkaline phosphatase derepression.