Rajiform locomotion is a unique swimming style found in the batoid fishes (skates and rays) in which thrust is generated by undulatory waves passing down the enlarged pectoral fins. We examined the kinematic patterns of fin motion and the motor patterns of pectoral fin muscles driving the locomotor system in the blue-spot stingray Taeniura lymma. Our goals in this study were to determine overal...

Three-dimensional numerical simulations are used to investigate the hydrodynamic performance and the wake patterns of a sunfish in steady swimming. Immersed boundary method for deformable attaching bodies (IBM-DAB) are used to handle complex moving boundaries of one solid body (fish body) attached with several membranes (fins). The effects of the vortices shed from both the dorsal and anal fins...

A new species of Clariger Jordan & Snyder, 1901 was collected from northern Taiwan. The genus was previously known only from Japanese waters. This discovery is the first formal and southernmost record of these marine gobies from the waters of subtropical Taiwan. The new species, Clariger taiwanensissp. n., is distinguished from its congeners by a unique combination of features: (1) fin rays: do...

Of 156 patients with acute appendicitis, seen during 24 months, 21 had perforated. Age over 30 years especially in males, duration of symptoms over 48 hours, pulse rate on admission exceeding 100/ minute, generalised abdominal tenderness, leucocyte count in excess of 10,000 mm3 and a neutrophilia in excess of 70 percent, characterized patients with appendicular perforation. The rate of complica...

heat and mass transfer, in this paper, is considered in one-row heat exchanger, that fins are hotter than air flow and water is added to fins. related governing equations are derived by analyzing a two-dimension model in a unique cell of a heat exchange. these equations are numerically solved by finite difference method. heat transfer and efficiency under partially wet surface are calculated by...

Direct numerical simulations of unsteady natural convection in a differentially heated cavity with a thin fin of different lengths on a sidewall at the Raleigh number of 3.8 × 10 are performed. It is found that the fin length significantly impacts on the transient thermal flow around the fin and heat transfer through the finned sidewall in the early stage of the transient flow development. The ...

Schistura paucireticulata, new species, is described from the Tuirial River in Mizoram, India. It is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of characters: 8-9 brown bars on the body, bars in front of the dorsal fin divided into 2-3 small bars forming a reticulations; basicaudal bar black, dissociated; dorsal fin spotted, with 4 simple and 8 1/2 branched rays; anal fin with 3 simple a...

Characterization of aerosol particle episodes in Finland caused by wildfires in Eastern Europe J. V. Niemi, H. Tervahattu, H. Vehkamäki, J. Martikainen, L. Laakso, M. Kulmala, P. Aarnio, T. Koskentalo, M. Sillanpää, and U. Makkonen Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland Nordic Envicon Ltd., Koetilantie 3, FIN-00790 H...

Hot-carrier effects in body-tied FinFETs are investigated for the first time. Device degradation by hotcarrier injection (HCI) becomes significant as a fin width (channel thickness) increases. There are two competing conditions to degrade the device by HCI: VG (<0.5VDD) at ISUBmax and VG=VD=VDD. Interface trap generation is dominant at VG at ISUBmax and oxide trap are dominant at VG=VD=VDD. At ...

As device dimensions shrink into the nanometer range, power and performance constraints prohibit the longevity of traditional MOS devices in circuit design. A finFET, a quasi-planar double-gated device, has emerged as a replacement. FinFETs are formed by creating a silicon fin which protrudes out of the wafer, wrapping a gate around the fin, and then doping the ends of the fin to form the sourc...