Slavic languages have a rich inventory of verb affixes that typically have syntactic and semantic effects on the argument structure of the derived verb. Although verb affixes function as operators on verbs, they often restrict the interpretation of certain nominal arguments in a way in which determiners in a nominal construction do. This intriguing fact has not been systematically described in ...

This paper reports on a literary corpus study of four grammatical tenses across European languages. The consists selection eight chapters from Javier Marías’s Spanish novel Así empieza lo malo ‘Thus bad begins’, and its translations to English, Dutch, French. We annotated 1579 verb forms in the source text for tense, and, subsequently, their other languages, distinguishing between two registers...

When Old English appeared in a written form for the first time, it had already lost inflections like optative, hortative, perfective, passive, etc. Making up these morphological forms, started, again before was and preserved, using periphrastic expressions with modal auxiliaries, habban, beon/wesan, utan, ongan, Without having middle voice, used ‘impersonal’ ‘reflexive’ constructions (the singl...

Abstract This article re-evaluates the status of Stative paradigm in Akkadian, language’s only exclusively suffixing paradigm, and argues favour a verbal classification on basis possible medialisation its attested forms. The denotes state persisting following perfective-associated event. Thereby, two kinds Statives are known: nominal Stative. While root is mapped onto Verbal Adjectival base tem...

Abstract The cross-linguistic variation in distribution and meaning of perfect constructions building on have + past participle Western European languages has been analysed terms the aoristic drift , shift from resultative via to perfective that takes us ‘classical’ like English ‘liberal’ French. This paper challenges (often implicit) assumption there is a single path along drift, resulting lin...

This paper presents an analysis of technical debt management through resources allocation policies in software maintenance process during its operation to demonstrate how different strategies leads to the emergence of different behaviors along the evolution path. To achieve this objective, this work used the System Dynamic approach for building a computational simulation model based on extensiv...

This paper describes the use of formal speci cations and associated tools in addressing various aspects of software maintenance | corrective, perfective, and adaptive. It also addresses the re nement of the software development process to build programs that are easily maintainable. The task of software maintenance in our case includes the task of maintaining the speci cation as well as maintai...