Combustion of coal, oil, and natural gas, and to a lesser extent deforestation, land-cover change, and emissions of halocarbons and other greenhouse gases, are rapidly increasing the atmospheric concentrations of climate-warming gases. The warming of approximately 0.1-0.2 degrees C per decade that has resulted is very likely the primary cause of the increasing loss of snow cover and Arctic sea ...

Tourism is one of the most important sectors Indonesian economy because it mainstay in obtaining foreign exchange, which expected to increase economic growth. However, along with its positive impact on growth, expansion tourism industry also a significant contribution rising CO2 emissions and energy consumption. This study focuses assessing sector as proxied by number international tourist visi...

[1] We measured CO2 and CH4 exchange from the center of a Sphagnum-dominated permafrost collapse, through an aquatic moat, and into a recently burned black spruce forest on the Tanana River floodplain in interior Alaska. In the anomalously dry growing season of 2004, both the collapse and the surrounding burned area were net sinks for CO2, with a mean daytime net ecosystem exchange of 1.4 mmol ...

4 Emission inequality across countries and the contribution of the energy mix and the sectoral 5 composition of a country’s energy use are of central importance to the climate debate. We 6 analyze the evolution of inequality in global CO2 per capita emissions using both historical 7 data on energy-related CO2 emissions and future emission scenarios generated with the 8 integrated assessment mod...

This study explores the symmetric and asymmetric impact of real GDP per capita, FDI inflow, crude oil price on CO2 emission in Tunisia for 1972–2016 period. Using cointegration tests, namely ARDL NARDL bound test, results show that variables are associated a long run relationship. Long estimates from both approach confirms validity ECK hypothesis Tunisia. Symmetric analysis reveals economic gro...

Climate change occasioned by the accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) is now widely accepted as an issue which mankind needs to address. The starting point is necessarily the determination of all the sources of emissions during the life-cycles of the studied components. Post-calculation, the results ought to be presented to decision-makers in a clear manner so as to provide the basis on whic...

BACKGROUND Crops grown under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations (eCO2) contain less protein. Crops particularly affected include rice and wheat, which are primary sources of dietary protein for many countries. OBJECTIVES We aimed to estimate global and country-specific risks of protein deficiency attributable to anthropogenic CO2 emissions by 2050. METHODS To model per capita protein i...

To examine how the major elements of global change affect herbivory in agroecosystems, a multifactorial experiment was conducted where soybeans were grown at two levels of carbon dioxide and temperature, including those predicted for 2050, under otherwise normal field conditions. Japanese beetles (Popillia japonica Newman) were enclosed on foliage for 24 h, after which the beetle survivorship, ...

Introduction: The causal dynamics between environment, health expenditures and economic growth has recently started to be studied in the economics literature for both developing and developed countries. Methods: This study examines the causal relationship between CO2 emissions, health expenditures and economic growth using dynamic simultaneous-equations models for Iran over the period 1972-2...