OBJECTIVE To assess factors that might affect patient use of insulin pens. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Patients (n = 600: 300 using vial and syringe and 300 using pen) were recruited from national panels to participate in computer-assisted telephone interviews. Measures included: demographic characteristics; diabetes treatment and self-care factors; perceptions of pen convenience, clinical ef...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of vector control and elimination of infected dogs on the incidence of infection with Leishmania chagasi. A randomized community intervention trial was carried out in Teresina between 1995 and 1996. The area was divided in 34 blocks randomically allocated to 4 types of intervention: 1) spraying houses and animal pens with insecticide; 2) sp...

In this experiment transmission of classical swine fever (CSF) virus via excretions of infected pigs was investigated under experimental conditions. Five pairs of pigs were experimentally infected with CSF virus. Eight days after experimental infection, when all pigs were viraemic for at least 3 days, the pens were depopulated and 20 h later, restocked with five pairs of susceptible pigs which ...

In three experiments the interrelationship between dietary CP and recombinant porcine somatotropin (rpSt, i.m. daily) on ADG, feed efficiency (F/G) and carcass traits was examined in crossbred Yorkshire gilts and barrows given ad libitum access to their diets during the finishing period (55 to 110 kg BW). Pigs, blocked by BW and gender, were assigned (four/pen) within block. In Exp. 1, 140 pigs...

Public concern about the welfare of hens kept in conventional cages has become an important issue worldwide. This study examined the effects of conventional cages (CC) and floor pens (FP) on hens’ health and egg production. A total of 84 19-wk-old Bovan Brown hens were randomly assigned into 2-bird cage (n = 12), providing 968 cm2 floor space per hen or 10-bird floor pens (n = 6), providing 371...

This study compared general activity and specific behaviors of 30 adult Alaskan sled dogs, 19 male and 11 female dogs, on 3.5 m tethers and in 5.9 m2 pens. The investigators used activity level and steriotypies as indicators of welfare. The dogs spent most of their time inactive, either lying or sitting both on the tether and in the pen. They had more opportunity for interaction with one anothe...