Yellow head virus infects cultured shrimps and causes severe mortality resulting in a great economic loss. Haemolymph injection of dsRNA(pro) corresponding to the protease motif of YHV genome resulted in a complete inhibition of YHV replication. The effect of dsRNA lasted for at least 5 days. Injecting sequence-unrelated dsRNA(gfp) or dsRNA(TSV-pol) also resulted in an inhibition of YHV replica...

This study reports a primer set for amplifying a partial fragment of about 610 bp in the fast mutating mitochondrial control region in shrimps of the genus Penaeus (Decapoda: Penaeidae). The utility of this amplified fragment for studying population differentiation and structuring, compared with more conservative mitochondrial genes (16S rRNA and COI), was explored in P. merguiensis populations...

Cancer of the eye in cattle with white faces occurs less frequently in cattle with pigmented eyelids. Corneoscleral pigmentation is related to eyelid pigmentation and occurrence of lesions that may precede cancer. Objectives of this study were to assess 1) variation in the proportion of eyelid and corneoscleral pigmentation in Hereford, Bos taurus, and Bos indicus crossbreds and 2) the occurren...

Temperament in cattle is defined as the fear-related behavioral responses when exposed to human handling. Our group evaluates cattle temperament using 1) chute score on a 1 to 5 scale that increases according to excitable behavior during restraint in a squeeze chute, 2) exit velocity (speed of an animal exiting the squeeze chute), 3) exit score (dividing cattle according to exit velocity into q...

The Japanese Dryinidae were studied and 11 species recognized. The following 10 species were recorded for the first time from Japan: Thaumatodryinus alienus Olmi, Dryinus bellicus Olmi, D. chenae Xu, Olmi & He, D. browni Ashmead, D. expolitus Xu, Olmi & He, D. indicus (Kieffer), D. krombeini Ponomarenko, D. pyrillae (Kieffer), D. pyrillivorus Olmi, and D. sinicus Olmi. Pseudodryinus shihoae, ne...

Introduction Consumers consistently rank beef tenderness among the most important factors that determine eating satisfaction. Although industry efforts have improved the consistency and tenderness of beef, Brahman and other Bos indicus breeds have garnered a reputation for lower marbling, tougher beef, and greater variation in eating quality. This reputation puts Bos indicus cattle and their cr...

Kerala state's rice consumption is predicted to be between 3.5 and 4 million tons per year, but production just a sixth of this. In order boost the production, attention must paid traditional growing techniques. Thus, there need understand Pokkali cultivation method used in Kerala. The style farming Kerala's acidic, saline soil distinctive way cultivation. A native historic salt-tolerant type c...

Adult females of the tick Boophilus decoloratus were removed from 6 breeds of cattle on 2 farms in the Northern Transvaal. Highest numbers of female ticks were collected from Simmentaler, followed by Santa Gertrudis, Bonsmara, Afrikaner, Brahman and Nguni. Resistance levels of each breed to B. decoloratus was positively correlated with the amount of Bos indicus genes in the breed, with the exce...