A silicon oxyfluoride layer was deposited on a-Si samples using SiF 4 /O 2 plasma at different temperatures between −100°C and −40 °C. In situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements were then performed to characterize the layer. The sample brought back room temperature analyzed again. It has been shown that a below −65 °C is needed significantly enhance physisorption of x species. Hence,...

A small bundle-sheath conductance (g bs) is essential for the C4 CO2-concentrating mechanism to suppress photorespiration effectively. To predict the productivity of C4 crops accurately under global warming, it is necessary to examine whether and how g bs responds to temperature. We investigated the temperature response of g bs in maize by fitting a C4 photosynthesis model to combined gas excha...

A series of near-infrared (NIR) electrochromic and electroluminescent polymers containing the pendant dinuclear ruthenium complexes were synthesized and characterized. All the polymers are near-infrared (NIR) electrochromic, displaying an intense absorption centered at 1600 nm upon oxidation to the mixed-valence state. Single-layer diode devices comprising a layer of the complex polymers sandwi...

Computer simulations suggest that creating hot and cold regions within a specific arrangement of semiconductors generates internal electric currents and magnetic fields. If borne out by experiments, the new effect, reported 8 July in Physical Review B, could lead to improvements in electronic devices that heat up in use. Experts are intrigued by the effect but remain cautious about its practica...

We demonstrate “on the fly” electron spin resonance ESR in which the defect generation process in the negative bias temperature instability NBTI can be observed without recovery contamination. Elevated temperature and modest negative gate bias generates ESR spectra due to E center defects. The NBTI generated E center spectrum disappears upon stress condition removal, a result consistent with re...

In this study, the behavior of nanoparticles using a numerical model is discussed. For this study a model for the expansion in free convection heat transfer and mix in a rectangular container with dimensions of 1 × 4 cm using Nano-aerosols in the air is going when copper nanoparticles, use and by changing the temperature difference between hot and cold wall, we will examine its impact on the ra...

The thermally activated conductivity U of an n-type inversion layer on a (100) oriented silicon surface and its derivative do/dT were measured in the temperature range 1.4 K-4.2 K. Above T = 2.5 K both the temperature dependence of ( n u ) (du/dT) and the relation between this quantity and ocannot be reconciled with a universal pre-exponential factor, i .e. the minimum metallic conductivity, bu...

Materials that combine coupled electric and magnetic dipole order are termed 'magnetoelectric multiferroics'. In the past few years, a new class of such materials, 'induced-multiferroics', has been discovered, wherein non-collinear spiral magnetic order breaks inversion symmetry, thus inducing ferroelectricity. Spiral magnetic order often arises from the existence of competing magnetic interact...