Pressure-volume X-ray diffraction data were collected at eight pressures to 17.2 GPa for synthetic single-crystal forsterite, Mg2Si04. Birch-Murnaghan equation-of-state parameters were determined to be Ko = 125(2) GPa and K~ = 4.0(4). To ensure hydrostatic conditions, we monitored the diffraction-peak shapes while the sample was in different pressure media: 4:1 methanol-ethanol, He, and Ar. The...

Nanogap devices have applications in single molecule sensing and single molecule transistors. Nanogap devices comprised of a gold nanowire with a nanoscale gap containing C60 were fabricated using electromigration on a silicon substrate. Raman spectra were obtained for various features of this device in order to detect the presence of C6o and study its electronic properties. The 532 nm laser so...

ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were prepared by a solegel combustion method from a zinc acetate precursor and acetic acid. The ZnO-NPs were synthesized at calcination temperatures of 650 C and 750 C for 1 h. The synthesized ZnO-NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and TEM. The XRD results revealed that the sample product was crystalline with a hexagonal wurtzite phase. Highma...

Through the analysis of peak broadening of energy-dispersive diffraction lines from a powdered sample, the yield strength of a-Si3N4 was investigated at a pressure of 9 GPa and temperatures up to 12341C. During compression at room temperature, the lattice strain deduced from peak broadening increased linearly with pressure up to 9.2 GPa, with no clear indication of strain saturation. While heat...

Beam broadening effects on the Doppler radar spectrum induced by alongand cross-radar-beam winds are theoretically investigated in this article. Analytical expression of beam broadening spectrum for a vertical beam subject to a constant vertical wind in the absence of horizontal wind is derived first. We find that the resultant beam broadening spectral shape is in an exponential form, rather th...

In the evolutionary arms race between prey and predator, measures and countermeasures continuously evolve to increase survival on both sides. Bats and moths are prime examples. When exposed to intense ultrasound, eared moths perform dramatic escape behaviors. Vespertilionid and rhinolophid bats broaden their echolocation beam in the final stage of pursuit, presumably as a countermeasure to keep...

In capillary electrophoresis separations coupled to NMR signal detection using small solenoidal coils, electrophoretic currents cause substantial distortion in the NMR spectral linewidths and peak heights, distortions which cannot be fully counteracted through shimming. The NMR spectra also have a low signal-to-noise ratio due to the small amounts of material, typically <1nmol, associated with ...

During neutron irradiation of metals, owing to the enhanced number vacancies and interstitial atoms, climb motion dislocations becomes significant at room temperature, leading a recrystallization material. Moreover, atoms tend form prismatic dislocation loops that play crucial role in plastic properties materials. X-ray peak profile analysis is an efficient nondestructive method determine micro...

The effect of changes in the shape of the presynaptic action potential on neurotransmission was examined at synapses between granule and Purkinje cells in slices from the rat cerebellum. Low concentrations of tetraethylammonium were used to broaden the presynaptic action potential. The presynaptic waveform was monitored with voltage-sensitive dyes, the time course and amplitude of presynaptic c...