Introduction: Nowadays ionizing radiation has a considerable contribution in medical diagnostic and treatment. Using ionizing radiation is increasing rapidly, so biological effects of ionizing radiation should be considered more. X-rays in the range of diagnostic radiology have hazardous effects and risks that are defined as random effects. These effects obey the LNT hypothesis that occur at lo...

Background: Radiation dose knowledge through Xray examinations and their distribution in Iran provides useful guidance on patient dose reduction. The results of the entrance skin dose (ESDs) of five common radiographies in all radiology centers in Yazd province were reported in our previous study (2003). In the present study we have evaluated the collective effective dose of convention...

background: radiation absorbed dose to the red bone marrow, a critical organ in the therapy of thyroid carcinoma, is generally kept below 2 gy for non-myeloablative therapies. the aim of this study was to calculate bone marrow radiation dose by using mirdose3 package program and to optimize the safe limit of activity to be administered to the thyroid cancer patients. materials and methods: in t...

Background: This study was performed to compare the effects of low dose interferon beta-1 (IFN-β-1) (CinnoVex, 30 mcg) and high dose IFN-β-1 (REBIF, 44 mcg) on the reduction of the number and size of plaques in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: This historical cohort study, which was performed in 2014 in Sanandaj (western part of Iran). 43 MS pa...

Background: Application of Dose-area product (DAP) quantity has been increased in the clinical practice. DAP is relatively easy to measure. DAP has been shown to correlate well with the total energy imparted to the patient, which is related to the effective dose. Material and Methods: In this study, measurements of DAP were carried out in a sample of 421 adult patients who underwent convention...

  Background: Osteonecrosis (ON) is known to be one of the most disabling complications following corticosteroid (CS) medications. However, evidence regarding risk of asymptomatic prevalence of ON among different diseases and the impact of variable steroid regimens are conflicting. We aimed to determine the prevalence of ON of femoral head in asymptomatic patients with systemic rheumatic diseas...

Introduction: The ability of quadratic dose protocol to maintain a good quality image for an overweight and obese patient is well reported. However, a practical approach to the implementation of this protocol in whole-body imaging in Malaysia is currently lacking. Hence, the aim of this study is to derive the quadratic dose formula that suits our PET system. Metho...