Metapopulation models that incorporate both spatial and temporal structure are studied in this paper. The existence and stability of equilibria are provided, and an extinction threshold condition is derived which depends on patch dynamics (patch destruction and creation) and metapopulation dynamics (patch colonization and extinction). These results refine threshold conditions given by previous ...

Here we report a novel approach for preparation of a 6-day transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) as treatment for mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease. The spray drying method was used to prepare microparticles containing the anti-Alzheimer drug. The content of the drug was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. The morphology and size range of the microparticles ...

Fragmentation changes the spatial patterns of landscapes in ways that can alter the flow of materials and species; however, our understanding of the consequences of this fragmentation and flow alteration for ecosystem processes and ecosystem services remains limited. As an ecological process that affects many ecosystem services and is sensitive to fragmentation, insect herbivory is a good model...

To the Editor: Although pathogenesis of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) has been classically thought to be driven predominantly by Th1, its complex pathophysiology is now accepted include Th2, Th17, and Th22 pathways.1Dhingra N. Shemer A. Da Rosa J.C. et al.Molecular profiling skin identifies allergen-dependent differences in immune response.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014; 134: 362-372Abstract ...