BACKGROUND Osteosarcomas (OS) are aggressive neoplasms with a wide range of morphologic patterns. MATERIALS AND METHODS OS cases (primary and xenotransplanted) with paraffin blocks available were collected and included in tissue microarrays (TMAs). A morphologic evaluation including the different passages in mice was carried out according to the new WHO criteria. In addition, TMAs were analyz...

The ability of 50 sequential subcultures in subinhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, grepafloxacin, sparfloxacin, trovafloxacin, and amoxicillin-clavulanate to select for resistance was studied for six penicillin-susceptible and four penicillin-intermediate pneumococci. Subculturing in ciprofloxacin, grepafloxacin, levofloxacin, and sparfloxacin led to selection of mutants r...

Southern Ocean waters enter the South Atlantic through Scotia Sea along pathways constrained by bathymetry of northern passages. We use Argo profiling-float data set to calculate water transports in and out region, focusing on balances down deepest isoneutral sampled all passages (γn = 28.0 kg m−3, located between about 500 2,000 m Drake Passage even shallower Northern Passages). Down this refe...

Avian infectious bronchitis is an acute and highly contagious disease that mainly causes respiratory symptoms in poultry. A number of serotypes and variants of the viral agent with poor cross-protection are the major problem to achieve desired immunity from vaccination. The S1 subunit of S glycoprotein (spike) is the major determinant of IBV so that a minor change in amino acid sequence of this...

PURPOSE Cancer metastases may have phenotypic and genetic differences from their primary cancers of origin. Engineered, replication-competent, attenuated viruses based on herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) have shown potent oncolytic effects in treating primary tumors in animal tumor models, but their efficacy in treating lymph node metastases is poorly understood. We compared the efficacy of an at...

BACKGROUND Acyclovir (ACV) resistant herpes simplex virus (HSV) isolates can be readily selected in animal infection models receiving suboptimal ACV treatment, however no comparative studies of the emergence of resistance following suboptimal treatment with valacyclovir (VCV) or famciclovir (FCV), the prodrugs of acyclovir and penciclovir, respectively, have been reported. METHODS Mice (n = 3...

Exposure (10 passages) of type 1 herpesvirus to ribavirin or idoxuridine in Vero cells results in resistance to idoxuridine, but not to ribavirin.

in ancient times, nomad tribes of the north caucasus, passing through caucasian natural gates, most importantly among them, darial and derbent, plundered wealthy southern regions. during of reign of khosrow anushirvan, the sasanian king built strong fortresses along these passages, and caucasian nomadic tribes of the north caucasus could no longer pass through these two passages to invade south...

this study compared the effects of two annotation modalities on the reading comprehension of iranian intermediate level efl learners. the two experimental groups under study received treatment on 10 academic l2 reading passages under one of two conditions: one group received treatment on key words in the reading passages through a multimedia environment providing textual annotations. the second...