Far-right parties have been increasingly spreading throughout Europe since 1980s; they have attracted the attention of many voters, especially the youth and the workers by campaigning against immigration and multiculturalism. Through an anti-establishment approach, these parties have become mainly mistrustful of the mainstream politics articulating themselves as the true voice of the people and...

Privacy-preserving optimistic fair exchange (POFE) is a kind of protocols which aim to solve the fairness problem in the exchange of digital signatures between two parties and in the meanwhile protect their privacy. In POFE, no one else including the semi-trusted third party in charge of arbitration can confirm an exchange even after resolving a dispute. In this paper we present a black-box con...

The role intermediaries play in resolving land-taking disputes in socialist Asia has rarely been studied, but this inquiry is critical to understanding alternatives to courtbased dispute resolution. This paper explores how intermediaries, such as retired state officials, navigate in and around authoritarian regimes to resolve complex disputes that pit citizens against the state. Empirical studi...

When parties bring claims under investor-state dispute settlement (“ISDS”) procedures, who should serve as decision-maker? Relevant ask the question in different settings and with criteria mind. A party a dispute, contemplating ISDS proceedings, whether by it or against it, likely will focus on qualities of particular individuals available to arbitrators. Party-appointed panelists charged appli...

Garbage is something that will always grow along with the rate of population growth. If waste not managed properly, it become a problem often leads to disputes. Dispute resolution regarding management currently regulated in Law Number 18 2008 concerning Waste Management, but norms governing are still unclear. This research type normative carried out using statutory approach. The results show Ma...

The Niger Delta, a sensitive ecosystem rich in biodiversity, has witnessed considerable violence as a result of the tense relationship among oil companies, the Nigerian state, and oil-bearing communities. Environmental damage from the extraction and movement of fossil fuels is a central point of dispute among the parties while the precise extent of ecological damage remains unknown. Drawing o...

Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing in the disputed maritime areas causes significant damage to marine ecology authorized fisheries, increases risk of conflicts among states, violates human rights at sea. Both unilateral measures cooperative governance for IUU are often inadequate these areas. In light, this study aims clarify regulatory obligations relevant states explore feasib...

Tax Dispute Settlement in the Court has not provided a sense of justice and legal certainty is only through litigation that win-lose (win-lose). tax disputes less useful because process long lengthy, besides continue to increase. The existing dispute resolution methods do reflect simple, fast, low cost, does provide certainty. Alternative mediation process, but this there no norm regulates it. ...

This chapter addresses a disconnect between two bodies of literature in the ADR field – that relating to “dispute systems design” (DSD) and that relating to “online dispute resolution” (ODR). We show that the need to integrate technology into the ADR field has been understood only in a narrow area and in a limited fashion. To date, technology in dispute resolution has been relegated to the ODR ...

In developing a contractual response to changes in the economic environment, parties choose the method by which their innovation will be adapted to the particulars of their context. These choices are driven centrally by the thickness of the relevant market—the number of actors who see themselves as facing similar circumstances—and the uncertainty related to that market. In turn, the parties’ ch...