arbitrator is a private judge. he accepts a judicial function by a contract. all legal systems (common and civil law) have been recognized this contract and the arbitrator’s judicial function. leave or violation of duties by the arbitrator can be followed by the different sanctions including civil, criminal and disciplinary, but the common law and civil law start from the opposite directions to...

the primary purpose of this paper is to highlight for the research community and practitioners the various aspects of using vmi-type supply chains in today’s business environment as well as a number of directions for future studies. in this regard, fifty articles published in major international journals, beginning in 1995, which contribute to the vmi-type supply chains are reviewed via a syste...

This paper presents a methodology for deriving business process descriptions based on terms in business contract. The aim is to assist process modellers in structuring collaborative interactions between parties, including their internal processes, to ensure contract-compliant behaviour. The methodology requires a formal model of contracts to facilitate process derivations and to form a basis fo...

This Essay argues that the “psychological contract”—the parties’ respective, subjective, idiosyncratic understandings of their contractual obligations to one another—is important and predictable. The common law of contract tells us how to discern the legal promise. By contrast, the “psychological contract” describes how the parties themselves understand their agreements, an inquiry that refers ...

Business transactions are governed by legally established contracts. Contractual obligations are to be fulfilled by executing business processes of the involved parties. To enable this, contract terms and conditions need to be semantically mapped to process concepts and then analyzed for compliance with existing process models. To solve the problem, we propose a methodology that, using a layere...

Economic performance depends crucially on how parties adapt to changing circumstances. We therefore study how the organization of economic activity can facilitate such adaptation. We focus on settings where spot transactions would produce inefficient adaptation, so we ask whether alternative governance structures (allocations of control) facilitate relational contracts that improve on spot adap...

The evolution of studies of political parties of constitution: The first and second periods show that the evolution of parties indicates that researchers' attitude to political pheno-mena also coincide with the evolution of political realities has been transformed, and the consideration of ideologies in the analysis of the parties have replaced with religious perspectives and anti-authoritarian...

This article explores the theoretical and behavioral impact of conventional arbitration and final-offer arbitration (FOA) when parties are bargaining over an uncertain value. In this context, one player receives a fixed payment while the other player receives the uncertain residual. Although both forms of arbitration have identically sized contract zones, we show theoretically that in FOA the c...

A physician-patient relationship is established as a result of a contract, express or implied, that the doctor will treat the patient with proper professional skill. 3 But it does not require the formalities of a contract—a contract can be implied in fact, which means it “arises from the acts and conduct of the parties, it being implied from the facts and circumstances that there was a mutual i...

The interpretation of both the judicial act and contract is an essential much-researched topic law since interpretative questions relating to are raised in almost all cases. intention a basic ‘building block’ contractual agreements, therefore, case legal dispute, revealing parties’ real indispensable. Nevertheless, there also cases where application certain consequences raises need for interpre...