abstract natural light has a great effect on the health of human beings. studies on iranian old houses show that various apertures were used to provide natural light in the interior spaces of   the buildings. in the present research attempt has been made to measure the extent to which some of the lightening methods of iranian traditional architecture have been successful in the provision of int...

The fundamental frequency in speech shows many rapid variations, part of which determine the perceived shape of the pitch contour. This implies that the accuracy with which listeners perceive changes of F0 is more relevant to understanding the perception of intonation than the traditional just noticeable difference of F0 in speech. This study examines the sensitivity to differences in the amoun...

OBJECTIVES Although elevated cardiac troponin T is caused by myocardial damage in the vast majority of the cases (primary cardiac causes), noncardiac disease with secondary damage to the myocardium (secondary cardiac causes) is being increasingly recognised. The present study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the frequency of primary cardiac and secondary cardiac causes of troponin-T positivity...

The malaria theme section of this issue of the Bulletin covers a wide range of topics, from combination therapy (pp. 1378–1388) and insecticide-impregnated mosquito nets (pp. 1389–1400) to the possible use of genetically modified Anopheles for vector replacement (pp. 1412–1423), from the use of geographical information systems in the planning, execution and monitoring of interventions (1401–141...

nanocrystalline titanium (iv) oxide paste has been deposited on fluorine doped tin oxide glass substrate by the blade method. the deposited film was subjected to thermal treatment to obtain an electrode foe a photo-electrochemical cell. the electrode was sensitized with prophyrin dye which was a local dye extracted from carica papaya leaves. avaspec 2.1 spectrophotometer was used to obtain the ...

introduction: application of light transmitting posts to restore greatly damaged endodontically treated teeth has been increased. it is suspected that light intensity decreases as it passes throughout different materials. this can reduce the degree of conversion required for adequate bond strength throughout the length of these posts. the objective of this study was to evaluate the amount of li...

Although new invasive procedures for the treatment of migraine have evolved during the past decades, the application of invasive procedures for this indication is not new. In this review, the history of non-drug treatments for migraine is discussed. Historical texts by physicians known to have written on headache and migraine (hemicrania), well-known books by physicians from the main historical...

It is becoming increasingly apparent that the tumor microenvironment plays an important role in the progression of cancer. The microenvironment may promote tumor cell survival and proliferation or, alternatively may induce tumor cell apoptosis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane proteins, expressed on immune cells and epithelial cells, that recognize exogenous and endogenous macromole...

P. F. MacNeilage, M. G. Studdert-Kennedy, and B. Lindblom (1987) proposed a progression for handedness in primates that was supposed to account for the evolution of a right bias in human handedness. To test this proposal, the authors performed meta-analyses on 62 studies that provided individual data (representing 31 species: 9 prosimians, 6 New World monkeys, 10 Old World monkeys, 2 lesser ape...