Abstract This essay questions three widespread assumptions in monument debates: “moralism,” “universalism,” and “interpretive dominance.” Roughly: moralism assumes that memorials should be only to good people or causes; universalism holds represent “for” the whole polity its (real supposed) corporate values; interpretive dominance maintains that, when faced with monuments reasonable qualifying ...

Selection of subagents Location specific service using GPS (or A-GPS) Experiments/Evaluations under real environment A Toolkit for developing a Spoken Dialog System (SDS) Server-and-Client architecture Each server can communicate with the other servers Aim of this study SDS as a “generalist” is constructed by a huge amount of SDSs as a “specialist” Specialist: Task-dependent dialog, location-de...

the present article try to explain rate of acceptance and/ or resistance of khozestanis' arabic speakers in confront with globalization values, and would reply to the question; either  do  the fundamental globalization values cause the preeminence of ethnic identity among the iranian arabic speakers? in other words, what effects does the globalization values have on the particularism among...

the relationship between female oviposition preference and offspring performance is a key area of study on the evolution of host specificity. this study investigates host prefer-ence of the polyphagous hover fly syrphus ribesii (diptera: syrphidae) and compares it with some components of its offspring`s performance. females and offspring were tested on six naturally used aphid hosts (blackberry...

Individual variation in resource use has often been ignored in ecological studies, but closer examination of individual patterns through time may reveal significant intrapopulation differences. Adult loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) are generalist carnivores with a wide geographical range, resulting in a broad isotopic niche. We microsampled scute, a persistent and continuously growing ...

Enzymes are thought to have evolved highly specific catalytic activities from promiscuous ancestral proteins. By analyzing a genome-scale model of Escherichia coli metabolism, we found that 37% of its enzymes act on a variety of substrates and catalyze 65% of the known metabolic reactions. However, it is not apparent why these generalist enzymes remain. Here, we show that there are marked diffe...

This paper evaluates transformative policy innovations with respect to security and taxation in the three main Colombian cities: Bogotá, Medellín, and Cali. In the first two, such policies were associated with huge success. Elsewhere we (Gutiérrez et al. 2009) have tagged these transformation processes as ‘urban/metropolitan miracles’. The term comes from the fact that both common citizens and ...

Host plant defenses are known to cascade up food chains to influence herbivores and their natural enemies, but how herbivore and predator traits and identity mediate such tri-trophic dynamics is largely unknown. We assessed the influence of plant defense on aphid and coccinellid performance in laboratory trials with low- vs. high-glucosinolate varieties of Brassica napus, a dietary specialist (...