Postexercise cold water immersion has been advocated to athletes as a means of accelerating recovery and improving performance. Given the effects of cold water immersion on blood flow, evaluating in vivo changes in tissue oxygenation during cold water immersion may help further our understanding of this recovery modality. This study aimed to investigate the effects of cold water immersion on mu...

We investigate some relations between a generic immersion of a graph into the 2-space with small number of double points and the embeddings of the graph into the 3-space obtained by lifting the immersion with respect to the natural projection from the 3-space to the 2-space. Specifically we prove: (1) An embedding of a graph obtained from a generic immersion of the graph with at most three doub...

The immersion coefficient accounts for the difference in responsivity for a radiometer placed in the air versus water or another medium. In this study, the immersion coefficients for the radiance collectors on the Marine Optical Buoy (MOBY) were modeled and measured. The experiment showed that the immersion coefficient for the MOBY radiance collectors agreed with a simple model using only the i...

The austenitic stainless steel was coated by dipping into a molten Al-12.4%Si alloy at 765oC. The effect of immersion times in the range of 60 to 900 s was investigated with respect to the phase nature, thickness, and microhardness. An uniform layer (~12 m) of Al12(Fe,Cr)3Si2 intermetallic with hexagonal crystalline structure is formed, irrespectively the immersion time. Microhardness of the c...

Abstract Researchers are increasingly exploring educational games in immersive virtual reality (IVR) environments to facilitate students’ learning experiences. Mainly, the effect of IVR on outcomes has been focus. However, far too little attention paid influence game elements and features learners’ perceived cognition. This study examined relationship between (challenge, goal clarity, feedback)...

BACKGROUND Immersion in water during labour is an important non-pharmacological method to manage labour pain, particularly in midwifery-led care settings where pharmacological methods are limited. This study investigates the association between immersion for pain relief and transfer before birth and other maternal outcomes. METHODS A prospective cohort study of 16,577 low risk nulliparous wom...

This paper investigates the hygrothermal effects on the failure mechanisms in bending of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. Accelerated diffusion testing was carried out by immersion at 50°C constant temperature and 70 bar hydrostatic pressure to study the effects of fresh or sea water diffusion into pre-preg CFRP laminates. Consequently the composite laminates were tested in be...

Liquid immersion lithography (LIL) extends the resolution of optical lithography to meet industry demands into the next decade. Through the use of exposure media such as purified water (n of 1.44 at 193 nm), it is possible to reduce minimum pitches compared with traditional air/vacuum exposures media by a factor of as much as 44%—a full technology node. Beyond this simple observation, there is ...

Advances in various areas such as graphics, sound, physics and artificial intelligence have improved the level of player immersion into the gaming environment significantly over the years. However, current game controller systems do not fully facilitate natural bodily motions in an accurate and responsive manner, which may affect player immersion within a gaming environment. This paper presents...