price is one of the four elements of marketing mix. one of the important decisions any business faces is select pricing strategies that can be effective in achieving company goals. pricing methods are generally divided into cost-based and value-based methods. considering that the marginal cost of information goods is zero, the pricing methods of these goods is value-based. in this study, mtn ir...

Abstract The constant elasticity of substitution (CES for short) is a basic property widely used in some areas economics that involves system second-order nonlinear partial differential equations. One the most remarkable results mathematical states under homogeneity condition i.e. production function homogeneous certain degree, there are no other models with CES apart from famous Cobb–Douglas a...

contains the elasticity modules of the medium. Usually one makes the assumption that S is positive definite such that A(D) is a positive and self-adjoint operator. Then the first equation is hyperbolic, while the second one is parabolic. In [2] the thermo-elastic system is considered and dispersive estimates are proven under the assumptions that (A1-2) A(ξ) is positive (self-adjoint, 2-homogene...

We present a realization of fracton-elasticity duality purely formulated in terms ordinary gauge fields, encompassing standard elasticity and incommensurate crystals. Our construction comprises description all types two-dimensional defects, body forces, impurities. The original form the tensor fields is recovered after partial fixing. identify coupling defects to dual from invariance we derive ...

The importance of drug as a valuable export product in the global economy becomes more clear every day. Understanding the problems of exports and factors affecting it, can be an important step to keep Iran’s position in the world markets and further export development of this product.In this study, Iranian pharmaceutical exports’ supply and demand functions were calculated using co-integration ...

â â â â  reza roshan [1] â  department of economics, university of sistan and baluchestan , iran â  mosayeb pahlavani â  department of economics, university of sistan and baluchestan, iran â  mohammad nabi shahyaki tash â  department of economics, university of sistan and baluchestan, iran â  â â â  abstract â  consumption is the principal feature of iran’s gross national production. therefor...

regard to increasing demand for organic agricultural products, awareness of costs and profitability of organic products can help to decision planners of agricultural sector, and particularly farmers. this study has tried to calculate cost and profitability of cotton product in two different conventional and organic ways (procedure) of production using 253 cross-sectional data from khorasan raza...

one of the main factors affecting on the technical and economic performance of farms and livestock is the ability or capacity management. main goal of farm management is achieving specific performance, profitability and productivity; there for measurement management and performance in livestock farms are necessary. considering the necessity of increasing production and quality in the dairy indu...

This paper tries to analyze the impacts of intermediate goods trade on production, consumption, investment, net exports, employment, labor wage and capital rent of Iran in its bilateral trade relations with China. This analysis has been done by modeling, solving and calibrating an international real business cycles (IRBC) model in period 1980-2009. The results show that when elasticity of subst...