Nelson: We’re going to discuss when to treat congenital esotropia. A 6-month-old child comes into your office with an esotropia of 65 prism diopters, alternate fixation, and a cycloplegic refraction of +2.50. Dr. Morrison, what is your treatment plan? Morrison: A child who’s clearly alternating fixation has a large angle of deviation that I assume to be an infantile strabismus. My cutoff for pr...

PURPOSE To investigate horizontal image disparity in three-dimensional (3-D) perception using 3-D animations in normal control patients and patients with intermittent exotropia, anisometropic amblyopia, and partially accommodative esotropia. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 133 subjects were included. Stereopsis was measured using the Titmus Stereo test (Stereo Optical Inc., Chicago, IL, USA)...

PURPOSE To define the critical period for susceptibility of human stereopsis to an anomalous binocular visual experience. METHODS Random dot stereoacuity was measured in 152 children with a history of onset of either infantile or accommodative strabismus before 5 years of age. In each of these populations and in the combined population, the critical periods for susceptibility of stereopsis ar...

The aim of this report is to investigate the possible causes of acute acquired onset of transient esotropia (AATE) in children and to help to differentiate ophthalmoplegic migraine (OM) from accommodative spasm (AS). A case of an 8-year-old Caucasian female affected by AATE and diplopia is described. The day before AATE onset, the patient complained of slight headache without nausea and vomitin...

PURPOSE We examined whether congenital impairment of disparity vergence in infantile esotropia (ET) exists in children with short duration ET (≤3 months) compared with long-duration ET and healthy controls. A short duration of misalignment would allow for a substantial amount of balanced binocular input during the critical period of binocular disparity development. METHODS A total of 19 child...

PURPOSE To report the clinical features and surgical outcomes of two patients with heavy eye syndrome who underwent partial Jensen's procedure. CASE REPORT A 21-year-old man and a 24-year-old woman with high myopia (-18 and -8 diopters, respectively), high axial length (27.5 and 24.6 mm), progressive esotropia (40 and 50 prism diopters), hypotropia (5 and 2 prism diopters), abduction limitati...